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PurposeThis study investigated the effect of the FIFA 11+ warm-up program on whole body muscle activity using positron emission tomography.MethodsTen healthy male volunteers were divided into a control group and a group that performed injury prevention exercises (The 11+). The subjects of the control group were placed in a sitting position for 20 min and 37 MBq of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was injected intravenously. The subjects then remained seated for 45 min. The subjects of the exercise group performed part 2 of the 11+for 20 min, after which FDG was injected. They then performed part 2 of the 11+for 20 min, and rested for 25 min in a sitting position. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography images were obtained 50 min after FDG injection in each group. Regions of interest were defined within 30 muscles. The standardized uptake value was calculated to examine the FDG uptake of muscle tissue per unit volume.ResultsFDG accumulation within the abdominal rectus, gluteus medius and minimus were significantly higher in the exercise group than in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe hip abductor muscles and abdominal rectus were active during part 2 of the FIFA 11+ program.

4 5Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of adipose-derived regenerative cell (ADRC) 6 administration on tendon-bone healing in a rabbit ACL reconstruction model. 7Methods: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with semitendinosus tendon autograft 8 was performed on the right knees of adult white rabbits. Eighty rabbits were divided into 2 groups: 9 a treatment group, in which the graft was coated with ADRCs mixed in fibrin glue carrier during 10 surgery, and a control group, in which the graft was coated with fibrin glue only. At 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 11 weeks postoperatively, 8 rabbits were sacrificed in each group. Three were used for histological 12 evaluation at the tendon-bone interface, and 5 for biomechanical examination. 13Results: In histological analysis, chondroid cells appeared more orderly and more regular in size 14 and shape, and Sharpey-like fibers, which connected the tendon graft and bone tissue, appeared 15 earlier in ADRC-treated tissues than in control tissues. In biomechanical analysis, the ultimate 16 failure load in the ADRC-treated group was significantly greater than that in the control group at 2 17 and 4 weeks (29.5 ± 7.2 N vs. 20.9 ± 2.7 N; P = .016 and 32.3 ± 3.9 N vs 22.8 ± 5.4 N; P = .016, 18 respectively). Stiffness was significantly higher in the ADRC-treated group than in the control 19 group at 6 weeks (21.7 ± 5.9 N/mm vs. 12.6 ± 4.9 N/mm; P = .037). Although the ultimate failure 20 load and stiffness of the ADRC-treated limb was higher than that of the limb in the control group at 21 8 and 12 weeks, these differences were not significant. 22Conclusions: Local administration of ADRCs promoted the early healing process at the tendon-bone 23 junction, both histologically and mechanically, in the rabbit ACL reconstruction model. 24Clinical Relevance: ADRCs could be used to enhance graft healing in ACL reconstruction. 25 26

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare ultrasonography stages of the tibial tuberosity development and physical features. Methods Conclusions:Osgood-Schlatter pathogenesis reportedly involves increased quadriceps tightness with rapidly increasing femoral length during tibial tuberosity development. In this study, it was confirmed that quadriceps tightness increased, yet hamstring tightness decreased, suggesting that quadriceps tightness is not due to femoral length alone. Other factors, including muscle strength, may be involved.The study shows that thigh muscle tightness and thigh muscle performance change with the skeletal maturation of the distal attachment of the patellar tendon. These results add new information to the pathogenesis of Osgood-Schlatter disease.Level of evidence: III (Cross-sectional study)

Prognostic study, level II.