The CAT score, which is obtainable by a simple questionnaire originally designed for QOL assessment, had strong correlations with airflow obstruction, dyspnea, exercise tolerance, prognostic index and oxygenation in Japanese outpatients.

An electron energy analyzer based on the retarding electrostatic field generated by a cavity electrode was prototyped, where the designed energy resolution is smaller than 10 meV at acceleration voltages Vo less than 5 kV and a half angle spread θo less than 20 mrad for the incident electron beams with the scanning voltage range of 3 V. Precise energy resolution, however, has not been recognized experimentally because of the difficulties of equipping such a narrow energy spread electron source. This paper describes the principle of the newly developed energy analyzer and shows the obtained energy spectra from a Schottky emitter ZrO/W(100) with a tip of the curvature radius of 1.5 μm, which could highly reproduce the theoretically expected spectra at various emitter temperatures because of its predominantly thermal emission.