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Since the oral cavity is the entrance point of nutrition, oral function has a deep association with nutrition and frailty. 1-5 In hospitalised patients, declined oral function is a risk factor for malnutrition and poor prognosis, and deteriorated oral hygiene increases the risk of systemic infections. 6 Even in community-dwelling older people, oral frailty and hypofunction represent risk factors for physical frailty and mortality. 7,8 Thus, maintaining oral health may prevent malnutrition and physical frailty to prolong a healthy life in older adults. The deterioration of oral function is easily overlooked due to the integrated coordination of multiple oral processes. Therefore, the quantitative assessment of declines in specific oral functions and the diagnosis of hypofunction are important to monitor oral condition and preserve or improve oral health. The concept of 'Oral Hypofunction' was proposed by the Japanese Society of

Background: The effect of sarcopenia on the recovery of swallowing function, and the interaction among sarcopenia, nutrition care, and rehabilitation therapy are inconclusive. Methods: This multicenter cohort study was conducted between November 2018 and October 2020 in convalescent rehabilitation hospitals in Japan and included post-stroke patients aged ≥65 years with dysphagia. All participants were assigned to sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups. The primary outcome was the achievement of ≥2 Food Intake Level Scale [FILS] gain, and the secondary outcomes included Functional Independence Measure (FIM) gain and efficiency. Considering the effect modification of energy intake and rehabilitation duration, logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Overall, 153 participants with (median age, 82 years; 57.5% women) and 40 without (median age 75 years; 35.0% women) sarcopenia were included. The non-sarcopenia group had more patients who achieved an FILS gain of ≥2 (75.0%) than the sarcopenia group (51.0%). Sarcopenia was independently associated with a poor FILS gain (odds ratio:0.34, 95% confidence intervals: 0.13–0.86) but not associated with FIM gain or efficiency. This association was not affected by the rehabilitation duration or energy intake. Conclusions: In conclusion, sarcopenia was negatively associated with the recovery of swallowing function in stroke patients without interaction by energy intake and rehabilitation duration.