1. Raney nickel catalyst treated with optically active glutamic acid has the property of catalyzing the hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds asymmetrically with high reproducibility and efficiency. 2. Excellent results were obtained in the hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate to optically active methyl 2-hydroxybutyrate in the presence of Raney nickel catalyst treated with l- or d-glutamic acid. 3. The capacity for asymmetric hydrogenation was strongly dependent upon the pH of the modifying solution. The highest capacity was obtained when modifying solutions were adjusted to pH 4.8∼5.5. 4. With elevation of the temperature of the modifying process, the asymmetric capacity of the catalyst decreased markedly, nearly disappearing at 60°C, and yielding products with reverse optical rotation above 80°C. 5. The asymmetric capacity was independent of the concentration of the modifying solution within the range of 6 to 0.0625%. 6. Hydrogenation in the presence of catalyst modified with d-glutamic acid yielded a product with reverse optical rotation to that obtained when l-glutamic acid was used. 7. Asymmetric yield of the reducing product of methyl acetoacetate by the catalyst treated with Glu was varied with the relative amount of the substrate and the catalyst.

Marketed vegetables and fruits contaminated by organophosphorus, organochlorine, or carba mate pesticides were cut into several regions (fruit stalk, pericarp, fruit receptacle, tissue around the stalk cavity, etc.) and the concentration of the pesticide residues in each region was assayed. In fruits and fruit-type vegetables, the concentra tion of the pesticide residue was higher in the fruit stalk and near the epidermis (exocarp and fruit receptacle) than in the sarcocarp or peri carp. In leaf vegetables, the concentration of the pesticide residue was higher in the outer leaves than in the inner ones. There was no pesticide contamination of the inner leaves of Chinese cab bages with a well-formed head. Dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide were detected in pumpkins and cucumbers, although their use in agriculture has been prohibited in Japan for about 20 years. The removal rates of pesticide residues by washing with water or 0.1% liquid detergent for kitchen use were from 8 to 52% and from 19 to 67%, respec tively. Removal of the fruit stalk, exocarp, and tissue around stalk cavity of fruits and fruit-type vegetables and washing of leaves with water or dilute detergent solution for kitchen use were necessary to decrease the intake of pesticide resi dues from vegetables and fruit.

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