The fluorescence yield of europium chelates in several solutions varies, through its maximum value, with the increase in the energy difference between the triplet state of a ligand and the emitting level of an europium ion. The time-resolved spectroscopic measurements show that the excitation energy is transferred from the triplet state to the lower and nearest resonance level of the europium ion. The intramolecular energy transfer mechanisms for europium chelates and terbium chelates are proposed, taking the resonance exchange interaction and the thermal deactivation processes from the emitting levels of rare earth ions into consideration. Steady-state rate equations are made, and the equation of the fluorescence yield is obtained. Thus, the relations between the fluorescence yield and the triplet state energy are estimated and the fluorescence properties of rare earth β-diketone chelates may be qualitatively described.

Advancement of semiconductor devices requires the realization of an ultrathin diffusion barrier layer between Cu interconnect and insulating layers. The present work investigated the possibility of the self-forming barrier layer in Cu–Mn alloy thin films deposited directly on SiO2. After annealing at 450 °C for 30 min, a Mn containing amorphous oxide layer of 3–4 nm in thickness was formed uniformly at the interface. Residual Mn atoms were removed to form a surface oxide layer, leading to a drastic resistivity decrease of the film. No interdiffusion was detected between Cu and SiO2 within the detection limit of x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy.

Hole concentration of CuI thin film decreased but Hall mobility increased with the rise of reaction temperature of copper films with iodine vapor. The heat-treatment of CuI film in vacuum brings out the decrease of hole concentration because of the escape of excess iodine from the film. Oxygen diffuses into the bulk of Cut film at high temperatures and raises the conductance of the film. The activation energy for diffusion was determined as 0.82 eV. Water vapor is chemisorbed on the surface of CuI and lowers the conductance at room temperature.

We have investigated the liquid crystal molecular orientation on a surface coated by oblique evaporation of SiO followed by treatment with homeotropic surface coupling agents. This is found to be a useful technique for obtaining the liquid crystal orientation with a small pretilt from homeotropic alignment. The orientation mechanism on surfaces with and without homeotropic treatment is also investigated. The results show that the relationships among evaporation conditions, surface topography and liquid crystal orientation can be explained well by using the columnar structure model of obliquely-evaporated films proposed by Goodman-van de Waterbeemd.

We have studied the structure of K − pp by solving this system in a variational treatment, starting from Ansatz that Λ(1405) is a K − p quasi-bound state, Λ * with mass 1405 MeV/c 2 . The structure of K − pp reveals a molecular feature, namely, the K − in an "atomic center", Λ * , plays a key role in producing strong covalent bonding with the other proton. Deeply boundK nuclear systems are formed by this "super-strong" nuclear force due to migrating real bosons,K, a la Heitler-London-Heisenberg, which overcompensates the stiff nuclear incompressibility. Theoretical background of the Λ(1405) Ansatz is discussed in connection with the double-pole picture of Λ(1405) based on chiral SU(3) dynamics. Detailed analysis reveals single-pole nature of the observable Λ(1405). There are two kinds of Σπ invariant masses experimentally observable, the usual T 22 invariant mass and the conversion T 21 invariant mass. It is of virtual importance to determine whether the Λ * mass is 1405 MeV or 1420 MeV. The T 21 invariant mass from K − absorption at rest in deuteron can provide decisive information about this Λ * mass problem.