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The frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FM-CW) radar is suitable for detecting objects placed in the near range compared to the pulse radars. This paper considers the principle of the synthetic aperture technique for the conventional FM-CW radar and presents the fundamental detection results of objects placed in the free space. A laboratory measurement is carried out to detect a metallic plate and a pipe in an anechoic chamber using an explored radar system operative in the microwave Xband. This demonstrates the high resolution detection in azimuth direction in the Fresnel region. It is shown that the radar has a potential ability in imaging objects placed in the near range.

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This paper presents the principle of synthetic aperture frequency modulated continuous wave (FM-CW) radar and demonstrates the detection results of several objects buried in natural snowpack using the radar system. First, the synthetic aperture technique is explained with emphasis placed on showing that the Fourier transformed beat signal obtained by the FM-CW radar is equivalent to one kind of Fresnel hologram, which leads us to use SAR technique. Then a radar system operative in the microwave L-band is explored to detect objects buried in natural snowpack. Several detection results are presented demonstrating the potential capability of high resolution imaging in the azimuth direction, comparing with real aperture images.