We propose a novel "orthogonal" TDM transmission scheme using an optical Nyquist pulse that enables us to achieve an ultrahigh data rate and spectral efficiency simultaneously without any intersymbol interference (ISI). We analytically describe the principle of orthogonal TDM, and demonstrate a 160 Gbaud optical orthogonal TDM transmission using 40 GHz optical Nyquist pulses. Tolerance to GVD and the dispersion slope is significantly improved by virtue of the orthogonality, reduced bandwidth, and minimum ISI.

We propose a new method for generating a parabolic pulse by use of a dispersion-decreasing fiber with normal group-velocity dispersion. When a hyperbolic dispersion-decreasing structure is employed, the pulse evolves into a linearly chirped pulse with an exact parabolic intensity profile without radiating dispersive waves. The highly linear chirp in the parabolic pulse allows for efficient and high-quality pulse compression.

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We have developed a fiber-based frequency comb system consisting of a simple mode-locked fiber laser and a backward pumping amplifier combined with a highly nonlinear fiber with a short zerodispersion wavelength. As a result, the signal to noise ratio of the obtained carrier-envelope-offset frequency beat is larger than 45 dB at a bandwidth of 100 kHz. Furthermore, we have succeeded in measuring the optical frequencies of a 1542-nm acetylene-stabilized laser and a 532-nm iodinestabilized Nd:YAG laser continuously for more than one week using the fiber-based comb system. The long-term measurement revealed that the frequency stability of the iodine-stabilized laser was 5.7 x 10(-15) with 100 000 s averaging.

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