We report the first experimental demonstration of room-temperature spin transport in n-type Ge epilayers grown on a Si(001) substrate. By utilizing spin pumping under ferromagnetic resonance, which inherently endows a spin battery function for

Molecular isomerism has been discussed from the viewpoint of the tiniest switch and memory elements in electronics.Here, we report an overcrowded ethylene-based molecular conductance switch, which fulfills all the essential requirements for implementation into electronic devices, namely, electric-field-controllable reversible conductance change with a molecular-level spatial resolution, robust conformational bistability under ambient conditions, and ordered monolayer formation on electrode surfaces. The conformational state of this overcrowded ethylene, represented by a folded or twisted conformer, is susceptible to external environments. Nanoscopic measurements using scanning tunneling microscopy techniques, together with theoretical simulations, revealed the electronic properties of each conformer adsorbed on Au(111). While the twisted conformer prevails in the molecularly dispersed state, upon self-assembly into a monolayer, a two-dimensional network structure of the folded conformer is preferentially formed due to particular intermolecular interaction. In the monolayer state, folded-to-twisted and its reverse isomerization can be controlled by the modulation of electric fields.

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Overcrowded ethylene 1 shows mechanochromic behavior with contrasting color change between yellow and violet arising from its conformational isomerization, which should also be accompanied by the change in the electronic structure. Here, we report a single-molecule electronic study of 1 using scanning tunneling microcopy (STM) and STM-based break junction techniques. The single-molecule junction of 1 sandwiched by Au electrodes showed two distinct high- and low-conductance states with the conductance values of 0.003 and 0.0002 G0. The high-conductance state is one order of magnitude more conductive than the low-conductance state. The two states can be ascribed to two conformational isomers of 1 in the junction.

Industrial control systems (ICS) have hidden vulnerabilities that cannot be usually solved by IT security tools, because of their 24 h 365 d non-stop, non-update and non-patch operation. There is, however, very limited report of cyber-attacks, so that owners of critical infrastructures do not have much attention for their ICS protection. This is a kind of misunderstanding of the current situation caused by a lacking of capability to detect a cyber-intrusion. In order to apply an Intrusion Detection System (IDS), it is di cult to make the complete white list of communication packets, and it is also di cult to perform anomaly detection by checking the payload of packet one by one. This paper de nes characteristics of communication in the ICS network and proposes a methodology to visualize the ICS network behavior. An illustrative example of pseudo cyber-attack is also prepared for understanding our proposed method.