Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world and is the third leading cause of death in most countries after traffic accidents and cardiovascular mortality [1][2][3][4]. Cancer has become a major public health problem in the world and every day, many people in different parts of the world are going to die cause of cancer [5,6]. Also, cancer and its treatment can weaken the immune system and reduce the ability to fight infections, thus increasing the risk of death from infectious disease [7]. In recent years, with increased greenhouse gases and weather change, and environmental pollution, human health is increasingly at risk and the incidence of cancer has risen in some countries [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Breast, colorectal, and stomach cancers are the most common cancers for women, and stomach, prostate, and colorectal cancers are the most common cancers in men [21,22]. Breast cancer is known as the most common malignancy among women and causes many deaths every year [23]. Despite many advances in the early diagnosis and proper treatment of this disease, it is still the leading cause of death among women [24-26]. The disease originates from breast tissue cells. When normal cells in the breast begin to change and grow uncontrollably and they form tumors, at which point cancer begins [27]. The tumor is identified after the biopsy as non-cancerous or malignant. Breast cancer affects women between the ages of 15 and 85. Studies have shown that patients with breast cancer are exposed to a lot of stress that can cause psychological and social disorders in their lives.The most important risk factors for breast cancer are age, sex, family history of cancer, and hormonal factors. Fortunately, cancer treatment has progressed amazingly, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy can destroy tumors and arrest cancer progression [28,29]. In recent years, the use of nanotechnology to diagnose and treat cancer has made significant progress [30][31][32]. Nanoparticles have the ability to penetrate cancer cells and can increase the concentration of drugs in them [33,34]. Carbon nanomaterials such as nanotubes, expanded graphite, graphene, and graphene oxide are ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACTEvery day we see progress in medicine and the treatment of many diseases. Cancer has been associated with human life for more than two decade and every day, many people in different parts of the world are going to die cause of cancer. Breast cancer is the most common among women. However, with the advancement of medical science, many cases can be treated. There are several sciences involved in this treatment, one of which is polymer engineering. Polymers have many applications in the treatment field for reasons such as biodistribution and biocompatible. Also, polymers are unique candidates for the release of anticancer drugs. This study briefly introduces breast cancer and several polymer-carriers.

The present study further improved the serum-free method of culturing rat keratinocytes. To obtain the best growth of rat keratinocytes, we modified our previous serum-free medium (MCDB153 based medium), particularly the amounts of glucose and sodium chloride (NaCl). Titration experiments showed the optimal concentration to be 0.8 mM for glucose and 100 mM for NaCl. This modification eliminated the requirement for albumin, which had been essential for colony formation when our previous medium was used. Titration of glucose and NaCl, followed by adjustment of essential amino acids and growth factors, produced a new formulation. More satisfactory and better growth was achieved with the new medium than with the previous medium. Accumulation of monoalkyldiacylglycerol (MADAG) was consistently noted in this study, representing the unusual lipid profile. A tendency toward normalization was, however, noted with the neutral lipid profile of keratinocytes cultivated in the new medium: lower production of MADAG was obtained with the new formulation, rather than the previous one.