The authors have fabricated encapsulation-free hybrid organic inorganic light-emitting diodes (HOILEDs), with improved air stability performance by incorporating two different metal oxide layers. One metal oxide layer is a titanium dioxide layer that provides the electron-injection layer, and the other is a molybdenum oxide that injects holes. While our HOILED device exhibits a lower threshold voltage and a higher air stability than conventional devices using a Ca∕Al cathode, a similar luminance output was observed.

We report thiol-on-gold self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) that can be photodeprotected using soft UV irradiation (lambda = 365 nm) to yield CO(2)H functionalized surfaces complementing those reported previously, which yielded NH(2) functionalized surfaces. The photolysis of these SAMs were monitored using a combination of surface sensitive techniques. In the SAM environment the photodeprotection yields are lower than those obtained for equivalent reactions in dilute solution. The protected carboxylic acids SAMs are shown to have a low yield approximately 50% due to competing photoreduction reactions of the nitro group. The results from infrared studies show that, as the photolysis progresses, the long chain protected residues reorganize and shield the functional COOH groups, thereby reducing the hydrophilic character of the surface.

Surface modification using light is one of the most powerful methods for controlling the physical and chemical properties offunctionalized surfaces. In this paper, we report on systems where soft UV irradiation (lambda = 365 nm) converts a "low" activity fluorocarbon to a "high" activity amine-functionalized surface. An amine-functionalized SAM (self-assembled monolayer) is first masked using a tertiary amine catalyzed reaction with an N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbonyl reagent. This mild, room-temperature reaction introduces a hydrophobic photocleavable nitrobenzyl "protecting group" terminated with a fluorocarbon end-chain. UV irradiation (lambda = 365 nm) of this hydrophobic/fluorocarbon surface cleaves the nitrobenzyl residue, returning the surface to the original hydrophilic/amine-functionalized state. This provides a mild, generic method of producing surfaces with hydrophilic/hydrophobic patterns or patterned with amine functional residues. Two different protecting groups, one terminated with a single and the other with three fluorocarbon end chains, are compared. In the case of the more bulky protecting group, only a small proportion of the amine residues react, but the surface is equally hydrophobic and the amine residues equally well shielded from further reaction. Surfaces are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, surface potential, and contact angle measurements. Images of the photopatterned SAMs were obtained using scanning electron microscopy.

SUMMARY BackgroundVonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, is expected to improve the healing of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)-induced gastric ulcers compared with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

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