We present findings of a multicenter study investigating incidence of hydatid cysts in endemic regions of the Community of Independent States (CIS). Transmission of hydatid cysts depends on agricultural activity. The highest incidence in the CIS was observed in Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District (4.2±0.36 and 4.5±1.1 per 100,000 adults) and Republic of Uzbekistan (4.9±0.45 and 4.3±0.5 per 100,000 children). Among adults, hydatid cysts were more common among those aged 18-40 years and in men (56.3-64.5 %), except in Stavropol Territory (43.4 %). Among children, boys (56.8-77.6 %) and children aged 10-14 years had higher incidence. Krasnodar Territory had the highest number of meat samples contaminated with Echinococcus cysts. Incidence of hydatid cysts showed different structures and frequencies throughout the CIS; incidence is likely underestimated in the official statistics. The data obtained indicate the need to improve specialized services, including creation of a population register, for the study of hydatid cysts.

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Introduction. Cryptorchidism is a common disease in pediatric urological and andrological practice since the issues of tactical approaches and its optimal treatment remain extremely relevant. Cryptorchidism makes a significant contribution to the structure of male infertility.Objective. To conduct a retrospective analysis of treatment results in children and adolescents with cryptorchidism.Materials & methods. This study summarises the treatment results of 8308 patients with cryptorchidism aged from 6 months to 17 years who underwent inpatient treatment in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan.Results. It was revealed that from 2015 to 2019, patients were admitted for surgical treatment evenly over the years. The ratio of right-sided / left-sided / bilateral cryptorchidism was 4.6 : 4.4 : 1 The inguinal form prevailed more than 6 times over the abdominal location. At the same time, 26.1% of the patients underwent surgery at the optimal time, and 9.8% were older than 10 years. More often, children are operated from an open inguinal access (95.0%), much less often — laparoscopically and percutaneously. Stage-by-stage treatment was carried out in 6.0% of patients.Conclusion. Thus, the approach presented in the study in the surgical treatment of cryptorchidism provided good treatment results. The number of disease relapses was 1.9% (mainly among children over 7 years old). Most surgeons are very reserved about primary orchidectomies (only 3.8% were performed).

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy in the treatment of abdominal echinococcosis is accompanied by complications. Therefore, studies on optimizing surgical approaches that reduce intra- and postoperative complications in liver echinococcosis are extremely relevant. AIM: This study aimed to assess the possibility of using three-dimensional (3D) technologies in children with abdominal echinococcosis to determine whether it can increase the efficiency of laparoscopic treatment and reduce complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective analysis was conducted from 2013 to 2019 among 43 children with isolated liver echinococcosis who underwent multiport laparoscopic echinococcectomy. In the preoperative period, 25 patients from the main group used a complex of modern 3D technology: creating a 3D reconstruction of a liver with a parasitic cyst and then printing a 3D model of an organ with vessels and bile ducts. RESULTS: The use of virtual computer visualization with the 3D reconstruction of the parasitic cyst and adjacent blood vessels with bile ducts made it possible to produce a 3D liver model. This approach provided the possibility of personalized laparoscopic access and precision in performing surgeries. Postoperatively, residual cavity (n = 1, 4.0%) was observed in the main group and biliary fistula and residual cavity (n = 2, 11.1%) in the comparison group CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the use of 3D technologies in children with abdominal echinococcosis can increase the efficiency of laparoscopic treatment and reduce the number of early and late complications.

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