BackgroundThe basis of any research is the use of valid and reliable tools for collecting information. One of the valid and reliable tools used to identify the family management in chronic childhood diseases is “FaMM” which has never been translated and validated in previous research in Iran.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to translate, incorporate cultural adaptation, and determine psychometric features of FaMM among Iranian families with a child with a chronic disease.MethodsThis study was conducted using the methodological research approach in Tehran, during 2016–2017. The translation of FaMM was done using “World Health Organization Translation and Cultural Adaptation Guidelines”. The preliminary psychometric evaluation of the above tool was performed by determining the validity (face and content validity) and reliability (internal consistency and stability). Data analysis was performed using IBM-SPSS 22. Content validity (CV) was first examined using qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative phase, experts’ opinions were received in order to observe grammar, wording, item allocation and scaling. Then, quantitative CV was examined using Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI; Scale-CVI/Avg, Scale-CVI/UA). In order to calculate the internal consistency of the items, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of statements was calculated. Test-retest method was used for determining the stability of the tool, and the obtained scores were compared using ICC.ResultsThe Persian version of FaMM has conceptual, semantic, idiomatic and by-item equivalence, as well as a desirable preliminary validity and reliability for assessing the management of families with children with chronic disease. The results of CVR determination indicated that all questions were larger than Lawshe’s Table number (0.49). The CVI results showed that all questions had a score higher than 0.79, and therefore were recognized as appropriate. In the Scale-CVI/Avg, the score was 0.98 and in the Scale-CVI/UA, the score was 0.80. The Cronbach’s alpha value for the scales was obtained in the range of 0.55 to 0.87 and the ICC of scales ranged from 0.71 to 0.94.ConclusionThe translation and cultural adaptation process of FaMM led to the design of a tool adapted to Iranian culture which can be applied in this context, and after the implementation of the final psychometric evaluation process, comparing data on how families with a child with chronic disease are managed with other communities can be possible.

Background: The basis of any research is the use of valid and reliable tools for collecting information. One of the valid and reliable tools used to identify the family management in chronic childhood diseases is "FaMM" which has never been translated and validated in previous research in Iran. Objective: The present study aimed to translate, incorporate cultural adaptation, and determine psychometric features of FaMM among Iranian families with a child with a chronic disease. Methods: This study was conducted using the methodological research approach in Tehran, during 2016-2017. The translation of FaMM was done using "World Health Organization Translation and Cultural Adaptation Guidelines". The preliminary psychometric evaluation of the above tool was performed by determining the validity (face and content validity) and reliability (internal consistency and stability). Data analysis was performed using IBM-SPSS 22. Content validity (CV) was first examined using qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative phase, experts' opinions were received in order to observe grammar, wording, item allocation and scaling. Then, quantitative CV was examined using Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI; Scale-CVI /Avg, Scale-CVI/ UA). In order to calculate the internal consistency of the items, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of statements was calculated. Test-retest method was used for determining the stability of the tool, and the obtained scores were compared using ICC. Results: The Persian version of FaMM has conceptual, semantic, idiomatic and by-item equivalence, as well as a desirable preliminary validity and reliability for assessing the management of families with children with chronic disease. The results of CVR determination indicated that all questions were larger than Lawshe's Table number (0.49). The CVI results showed that all questions had a score higher than 0.79, and therefore were recognized as appropriate. In the Scale-CVI /Avg, the score was 0.98 and in the Scale-CVI/ UA, the score was 0.80. The Cronbach's alpha value for the scales was obtained in the range of 0.55 to 0.87 and the ICC of scales ranged from 0.71 to 0.94. Electronic physician Page 6943Conclusion: The translation and cultural adaptation process of FaMM led to the design of a tool adapted to Iranian culture which can be applied in this context, and after the implementation of the final psychometric evaluation process, comparing data on how families with a child with chronic disease are managed with other communities can be possible.

BACKGROUND: Since the purpose of medicine science is health promotion, education of this group is very important. The use of new evaluation methods is one of the first educational needs. Given that many conventional clinical evaluation methods are not able to fully evaluation students in the clinical settings and only evaluate limited information, This study is designed to evaluate the impact of direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) and mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) on nursing students and their clinical satisfaction skills. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2018 to evaluate the dialysis unit of the 6 th semester nursing students of Babol University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Samples were selected by the census method and then random allocation. Data collection was performed using two questionnaires and two checklists to evaluate the clinical skills and satisfaction of the two groups of testing and control. Moreover, the data were analysed with using the SPSS software (version 18, IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) through the descriptive and analytical statistics (Chi-square test and t -test). RESULTS: The results showed that the intervention group compared with the control evaluation score of 13/73 ± 2/44, 11/74 ± 2/43, P < 0.002, respectively. Furthermore, the mean score of satisfaction of the intervention group with the DOPS method compared to the traditional method of the control group was 72/50 ± 7/31, 63/48 ± 9/31, P < 0.001, respectively. As well as, the mean score of satisfaction with the mini-CEX method of the intervention group compared to the traditional method of the control group was 73/28 ± 7/78, 63/48 ± 9/31, P < 0.002, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that students who were evaluated by DOPS and mini-CEX methods had a higher score of clinical performance evaluation and higher level of satisfaction. Nursing professors can improve the learning process and the satisfaction of nursing students by using direct feedback on such evaluation methods.