This report presents the results of the first faunistic study of hard ticks in Qazvin province of Iran. The primary objective was to determine the species diversity and geographic distribution of hard ticks that parasitize domestic ruminants. Information about the abiotic preferences of these species has been provided. A total of 286 cattle, 1,053 goats, and 2,050 sheep were examined in 13 villages in 28 flocks distributed throughout the studied areas. Total direct body collections of ticks were made from each domestic ruminant. A total of 228 Ixodid specimens belonging to nine species in three different genera were recorded in the areas, including Boophilus annulatus (Say, 1821), Hyalomma anatolicum Koch, 1844, Hyalomma asiaticum (Schulze and Schlettke, 1929), Hyalomma detritum Schulze, 1919, Hyalomma dromedarii Koch, 1844, Hyalomma marginatum Koch 1844, Hyalomma schulzei Olenev, 1931, Rhipicephalus bursa Canestrini and Fanz, 1878 and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806). The most abundant species on sheep was R. sanguineus (46.92%), while B. annulatus (6.6%) found only on cattle. A finding of great significance was that R. sanguineus, the main vector of babesiosis, is firmly established throughout the counties. A further objective of the study was to compare the abundance of the major tick species on domestic ruminants. This was carried out at 19 sampling sites. The highest number of ticks was collected in July-August during the hot season.

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Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important health problems in different regions of Iran that occurs both in zoonotic and anthroponotic forms in different foci of Iran. The Khuzistan Province, located in the South West of Iran in vicinity of the Persian Gulf, is one of the oldest susceptible foci for CL in Iran. Objectives: Due to the lack of information about the conditions in the focus of Behbahan County, the present study was conducted to find out the epidemiology of CL in this area. Materials and Methods: The data of this descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of all patients with CL referred to the Behbahan County Health Center with the symptoms of CL and presence of leishman bodies in Giemsa-stained smears. Parasites considered to be Leishmania major according to the essence a great vacuole in the cytoplasm. Results: The study showed that the rate of CL incidence with the general rate of 0.18 per 1000 people. Ulcers were present in 172 patients, comprising 44.8% female and 55.2% male. In 55 cases (32%), the ulcers were located on the hand, in 54 cases (31.4%) on the feet, in 33 cases (19.2%) on the face and in 30 cases (17.4%) on other parts of the body. The highest incidence was found among patients with two age groups of 20 -29 (27.3%) and 10 -19 years old (26.2%). Conclusions: With respect to the increased prevalence of CL in Behbahan County, health care observers should pay close attention to prevent the disease spread. Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:The role of cultural and demographic factors well has been described in prevalence of Cutaneous leishmaniasis. That is very important in the control of Cutaneous leishmaniasis in this county and Iran. The study area has an important strategic position, bordering with Iraq country.

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This descriptive study was carried out to determine bacterial infection rate of cockroaches in the residential dwellings. A total of 650 cockroaches were collected in Sanandaj city houses using sticky traps, direct collection and vacuum cleaner. After determination, 85 of them were examined in base standard methods for bacterial infection. Two species of cockroaches including Blattela germanica (54%) and Periplaneta americana (46%) were collected. 74% of cockroaches had bacterial infection and separated into seven groups including: Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Escherichia, non pathogens staphylococci, Klebsiella, Proteus and Seratia. Escherichia coli had the most frequency (61.5%) and Seratia (6.1%) had the least.