The aim of our study was to compare rifle shooters' performance between two groups of expert shooters, one trained with a neurofeedback method and the other not trained. The study design employed a pretest-posttest design with an untreated control group (nonrandomized). The sample included 24 national and provincial shooters. Shooting performance was studied based on 6 indicators via a device called ''Scott,'' and paired and independent t tests were performed with corrections for multiple comparisons. A significant improvement was found for the neurofeedback group for the mean of shot results before and after the training (p ¼ .001), but no other improvements were found (all ps > .05). In the control group, no differences were found on any of the study indicators (all ps > .05). There was a significant difference between mean discrepancies of shot results between the two groups (p ¼ .01), whereas there were no such differences in any of other the indicators (all ps > .05). Neurofeedback can be suggested as a method to improve rifle shooters' performances.

Background The most common cognitive dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia are information processing, memory, and learning. Based on the hypothesis of rehabilitation and brain stimulation in memory and learning, adding a form of neuromodulation to conventional rehabilitation might increase the effectiveness of treatments. Aims To explore the effects of psychosocial occupational therapy combined with anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive performance in patients with Schizophrenia. Methods Twenty-four patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomized into the experimental and control groups. We used The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment battery (LOTCA) to assess spatial recognition, attention, visual memory, learning abilities, and high-level cognitive functions like problem-solving. All participants received customized psychosocial occupational therapy activities. Furthermore, the experimental group received 12 sessions of active anodal tDCS for 20 minutes with 2 mA intensity on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) while the patients in the sham group received sham tDCS. Results Combining tDCS to conventional psychosocial occupational therapy resulted in a significant increase in spatial memory, visual learning, and attention. Conclusions Anodal tDCS on the left DLPFC improved visual memory, attention, and learning abilities. Contrary to our expectations, we could not find any changes in complex and more demanding cognitive functions.