Background and Objective: One of the important steps in continuing the treatment of patients with mediastinal masses is the definitive diagnosis using tissue sampling of the lesion within the mediastinum. One of the methods used for this purpose is mediastinoscopy. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the results of mediastinoscopic surgery in patients with a mediastinal mass. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study evaluated the medical files of all patients who underwent mediastinoscopic surgery in Besat Hospital, Hamadan, Iran, from 2014 to 2019. Results: This study was conducted on 19 patients with a mean age of 50.84 years. The majority of the participants were male (n=11). The mass was located in the anterior mediastinum in most of the patients (n=16), and in three cases, it was in the median mediastinum. Histopathological results showed inflammation (n=4), small cell carcinoma (n=3), lymphoma (n=2), squamous cell carcinoma (n=2), metastasis (n=2), adenocarcinoma (n=1), hydatid cyst (n=1), tuberculosis (n=1), sarcoidosis (n=1), anthracosis (n=1), and nonspecific (n=1) in descending order. Conclusion:In general, there are similarities between the results of this study and those of other studies in terms of age, gender, place of involvement in the mediastinum, and surgical complications. On the other hand, there are differences between this study and other studies regarding the pathology results. It seems that the frequency of malignant masses in our study is higher than that in other studies.