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In the last 15 years, several Eni-Agip multidisciplinary studies were focused on the buried Messinian-Pleistocene succession of the eastern Po Plain and northern Adriatic Sea. A detailed revision of the biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, sedimentology, seismic interpretation and sequence stratigraphy was performed using the very large Eni subsurface dataset including regional 2D and 3D seismic surveys and over 500 deep wells. The new basin-scale geological model of the area is presented in this paper. During the Messinian and the Plio-Pleistocene the eastern sector of the Po Plain and the northern Adriatic Sea were part of the northern Apennine foreland basin. In this time span, the tectono-sedimentary evolution of

We study the cosmological constraints on the variation of the Newton's constant and on post-Newtonian parameters for simple models of scalar-tensor theory of gravity beyond the extended Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory. We restrict ourselves to an effectively massless scalar field with a potential V ∝ F 2 , where F (σ) = N 2 pl + ξσ 2 is the coupling to the Ricci scalar considered. We derive the theoretical predictions for cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies and matter power spectra by requiring that the effective gravitational strength at present is compatible with the one measured in a Cavendish-like experiment and by assuming adiabatic initial condition for scalar fluctuations. When comparing these models with P lanck 2015 and a compilation of baryonic acoustic oscilation (BAO) data, all these models accomodate a marginalized value for H0 higher than in ΛCDM. We find no evidence for a statistically significant deviation from Einstein's general relativity. We find ξ < 0.064 (|ξ| < 0.011) at 95% CL for ξ > 0 (for ξ < 0, ξ = −1/6). In terms of post-Newtonian parameters, we find 0.995 < γPN < 1 and 0.99987 < βPN < 1 (0.997 < γPN < 1 and 1 < βPN < 1.000011) for ξ > 0 (for ξ < 0). For the particular case of the conformal coupling, i.e. ξ = −1/6, we find constraints on the post-Newtonian parameters of similar precision to those within the Solar System. the more general Horndeski theory [13]:where χ = −g µν ∂ µ σ∂ ν σ, R is the Ricci scalar, G µν = R µν − g µν R/2, and L m is the density Lagrangian for the rest of matter. The eJBD theory corresponds to G 3 = G 5 = 0, G 2 = ω BD χ/σ − V (σ), G 4 = σ (in the equivalent induced gravity (IG) formulation with a standard kinetic term the two last conditions become G 2 = χ/2 − V (σ), G 4 = ξσ 2 /2 with ξ = 1/(4ω BD )).Cosmology puts to severe test eJBD theories. The constraints from P lanck 2015 and a compilation of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data lead to a 95% CL upper bound ξ < 0.00075, weakly dependent on the index for a power-law potential [4] (see [3] for the P lanck 2013 constraints obtained with the same methodology). In terms of the first post-Newtonian parameter γ PN = (1 + ω BD )/(2 + ω BD ) = (1 + 4ξ)/(1 + 8ξ), the above 95% CL constraint read as |γ PN − 1| < 0.003 [4]. With the same data, a 95% CL bound is obtained on the relative time variation of the effective Newton's constant

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Alps and Apennines are juxtaposed within an approximately 100 km-wide area covered by the Upper Eocene to Miocene successions of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin. The Upper Eocene-Oligocene evolution of this area was characterized to the north and west by the propagation of the SE-verging Southalpine thrust-fold belt that can be traced from the Po Plain subsurface until the Torino HillSaluzzese area, and to the south by a high-angle, broadly E-W oriented megashear zone that led to the juxtaposition of different crustal levels and controlled the development of a mosaic of partly independent sub-basins. Since the latest Oligocene the N-verging Apenninic tectonics prevailed in the collisional system and the Tertiary Piedmont Basin evolved as a wide thrust-top basin, bounded to the north by the N-verging Monferrato arc and characterized by a tectono-sedimentary evolution recording changes of subsidence and shift of depocentres in relation to crustal structures.