IntroductionTo supply quality services and healthcare, it is evident that medical ethics and patients’ rights, while providing medical and healthcare services need to be observed. This study was conducted to evaluate observance of the Patients’ Rights Charter among medical staff of educational hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in four educational hospitals in Mashhad on eighty physicians, nurses, nurse aids and medical students. Data were collected using a two-part inventory of patients’ rights, including demographic data and inventory of patients’ rights observance. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-16 as well as descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square, Spearman correlation coefficient and Pearson correlation.ResultsMean age of subjects was 36.3±8.3. Observance of human rights was perfect by 84.4 percent of subjects. The highest amount of observance of patients’ rights was related to the area of respecting patients’ privacy and observing the principle of confidentiality, which was evaluated to be perfect by all subjects (100%). The lowest value of patients’ rights observance was related to presenting appropriate and adequate information for patients, which was perfect among 48.1% of subjects. There was no significant relation between personal details (age, gender, education and career) and observance of patients’ rights (p>0.05).ConclusionAlthough in this study, the observance of patients’ rights by medical staff is optimal in most areas, the area of providing appropriate and adequate information needs to be promoted. Therefore, it is suggested that more stringent regulatory policies be compiled and implemented to the items of Patients’ Rights Charter along with training courses, to strengthen medical staff’s awareness in this regard.

Background and AimGentle music has relaxing and pain reducing effects. In this study, the effect of music on patients’ vital signs and pain was investigated before and after endoscopy.MethodsThis clinical trial study was conducted on 100 children from seven to fourteen years of age in Gha’em Hospital, Mashhad in 2015. Children were divided into two equal groups (case group=50 and control group=50). The control group received endoscopy according to the standards, without any other procedure. For the case group, a classic musical piece by Clayderman was played during endoscopy (from the time of entering the endoscopy room to the end of the process). After conducting endoscopy, FALCC scale and Baker-Wong pain scale were filled for both groups. In addition, children’s vital signs including: heart rate (pulse), diastolic and systolic blood pressure were measured before and after endoscopy for both groups. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS16 with the help of Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests.ResultsNo significant difference was found in age, gender distribution of case or control groups (p>0.05). Heart rate and diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the music (case) group compared to the control group before endoscopy (p=0.012). In addition, pain score in patients of the music group was lower than the control group (p<0.05).ConclusionPlaying music for children during endoscopy can reduce pain and anxiety in patients before and after endoscopy.

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IntroductionOne of the leading causes of damage to the gastrointestinal tract in children is caustic ingestion which is sometimes life-threatening. The most reliable way to study the severity and extent of damage is endoscopy, which can be harmless in terms of time and technique. The aim of this study was to investigate, evaluate and compare clinical findings and endoscopic results of caustic ingestion.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on the records of children diagnosed with caustic ingestion, and hospitalized in Qa’em Hospital of Mashhad from March 2011 to December 2013. Intended data were extracted from patients’ records and in case of any ambiguity, it was removed by phone call. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 and chi-square test.ResultsOf 54 patients, there were 36 cases of burn with acidic substance and 16 cases of burn with alkaline. The highest value was related to caustics related to acid batteries (31.5%) and in 77.5% of cases the container of caustic agent was not standard. In endoscopic results, 50 patients out of 54, had esophagus burn such that in 6 cases it was grade I burn, in 15 cases grade IIa, 27 cases with grade IIb and 2 cases with Grade IIIa burn. In addition, mild erythema of stomach in 6 cases, average erythema in 5 cases, mild ulcer in 15 cases, average ulcer in 5 cases and 3 cases with severe ulcer were reported. There was no significant relation between clinical findings and endoscopic results (p=0.68).ConclusionSince caustic ingestion can be regarded as a life-threatening factor for children, the importance of observing precautions in the storage of caustics and the role of training and adequate attention of parents to this issue to prevent such accidents is clear.

Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience accompanied by fear and anxiety. Pain anxiety can cause resistance, reduce his/her cooperation and cause undesirable mental and psychological complications. The use of non-medical methods in relieving pain is preferable. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of toys and music on pain and vital signs of children during colonoscopy. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 90 children aged 2-14 years old referred to Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad (Iran) in 2016-2017. Performing colonoscopy on children who were randomly allocated to three equal groups of 30 (Two intervention and one control group): Group 1: toys (a car for boys and a doll for girls), Group 2: a piece of Clayderman music, and a control group. The vital signs of the children before and after colonoscopy, and the pain after it, were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16, using paired-samples t-test. A pvalue of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant for examining the hypotheses of the study. Results: The mean age of children was 9.07±3.22, and 54.4% of them were girls. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly after colonoscopy in the music and control groups (p<0.001). However, in the toy group, mean heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased after intervention (p=0.147, p=0.213, p=0.246 respectively). The mean score of pain in the toy group was significantly lower than the other two groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of toys and music were effective in reducing pain and accepting colonoscopy for the children, although the positive effects of the toy were more evident on the children's vital signs and pain. Therefore, the use of non-medication interventions can be considered as an effective way to accept colonoscopy and reduce pain in children.