Green growth is about merging environmental and social protection with economic growth. The OECD countries follow the progress toward greening though a set of indicators. The aim of the study is to analyze the condition and development of the OECD countries using a set of green growth indicators. The univariate and multivariate statistical approach was used to identify the main features of green growth development in two time spans. The achieved success of the OECD countries toward the green growth was measured from period 1 (years 2000–2009) to period 2 (years 2010–2019). For stimulant indicators, an increase was achieved, while for the destimulant variables, a decrease was reached between the analyzed periods. CO2 productivity increased by more than 31%, material productivity by 25%, and the energy productivity by nearly 21%. From the ecological point of view, a positive sign was achieved by an intensive increase of the percentage of municipal waste treatment by recycling or composting. The real GDP increased between periods in each of the OECD countries, except in Greece. The destimulant indicators decreased over time. The mortality declined by about 20% from exposure to ambient PM2.5 and thus the welfare costs of premature death from exposure to PM2.5 also declined. The decline of the mean population exposure to PM2.5 by 12.5% on average for the OECD countries is a positive signal for environmental protection and public health of the OECD population. Some uncertainty exists as the municipal waste generated per capita decreased only slightly by 2%.
There exists nonhomogeneous structure in mechanosynthesized nanoparticles consisting of an ordered core surrounded by the shell. The shell may be structurally and magnetically disordered, or it may be ordered. These nanoparticles are found to be roughly spherical. We formulate the macroscopic model for the description of magnetic properties of nanoparticles with core-shell structure. The case of spheroids oriented in the same direction of polar axes is considered. There exits two coercive fields:HcγandHcψ. They are depending on quantitiesoandx, wherex=V2/(V1−2V2), ando=IF/IS, hereV1is the volume of the nanoparticle, andV2is the volume of the core.IFis the magnetization of the core, andISis the magnetization of the shell. There exists a transition from one type of the coercive field to another, changingxando. We have found qualitative explanation of observed enhancement of coercive field and of itsd-dependence inNiFe2O4nanoparticles.
We describe the static dielectric response of ferroelastic-dielectric microcomposites. Dependence on temperature, pressure and concentration is considered for temperatures in the paraelastic transition. In recent years there has been considerable interest in perovskite oxides for application in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), exhaust gas sensors in automobiles, membranes for separation processes and as catalysts, which are of the ferroeleastic nature, f.e. of the (LaSrCoO 3 ) type. Ferroelastic-dielectric microcomposites and measurement of their properties may improve properties of perovskite oxides for these applications.
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