Background Nurses’ work environment influences nursing practice. Inappropriate working conditions are the result of underdeveloped workplace infrastructure, poor work organisation, inadequate education, and inappropriate staffing norms. The aim of this study was to describe and examine the predictors that affect nurses’ work environment using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI). Methods The validation of the PES-NWI was made. Nurse-reported job characteristics were used as independent variables. The sample included 1,010 nurses from adult surgical and medical units at 10 Slovenian hospitals. The Nurse Forecasting (RN4CAST) protocol was used. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the National Medical Ethics Committee. Results The PES-NWI mean (2.64) was low, as were job and career satisfaction at 2.96 and 2.89, respectively. The PES-NWI can be explained in 48% with ‘Opportunities for advancement’, ‘Educational opportunities’, ‘Satisfaction with current job’, ‘Professional status’, ‘Study leave’, and ‘Level of education’. A three-factor solution of PES-NWI yielded eight distinct variables. Conclusions The obtained average on the Nursing Work Index was one of the lowest among previously conducted surveys. Nurses should be recognized as equals in the healthcare workforce who need to be empowered to develop the profession and have career development opportunities. Inter-professional relations and equal involvement of nurses in hospital affairs are also very important. Trial registration This is a non-intervention study – retrospectively registered.

Prispevek je nastal na osnovi opravljenega raziskovalnega projekta pri predmetu Na dokazih podprta zdravstvena nega v okviru magistrskega študijskega programa Zdravstvena nega na Visoki šoli za zdravstveno nego Jesenice. the authors of the Slovenian Guidelines for the Health Care of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (5) patients experience difficulties in making and sustaining the lifestyle changes and often require additional help in doing so, since their motivation tends to decrease over time. Receiving support can be very helpful while adopting the necessary lifestyle changes; moreover, it encourages patients to introduce positive changes into their lives (6). Peer support has been formally defined as »the provision of emotional, appraisal and informational assistance by a created social network member who possesses experiential knowledge of a specific behaviour or stressor and similar characteristics as the target population, to address a health-related issue of a potentially or actually stressed focal person« (7). A peer may have greater understanding about an individual's situation than their family members or other social network members. Veshnesky also sees peer support as a reliable and potentially permanent type of support during crucial events in life (1). Some authors (8

Introduction Higher nursing workload increases the odds of patient deaths, as the work environment has a significant effect on patient outcomes. The aim of the study was to explore the relation between patient outcomes and nurses’ working conditions in hospitals. Methods Administrative data on discharges of surgical patients for the year 2019 in eight general hospitals and two university medical centres in Slovenia were collected to determine in-hospital mortality within 30 days of admission. The RN4CAST survey questionnaire was used to gather data from nurses in these hospitals, with 1,010 nurses participating. Data was collected at the beginning of 2020. The number of nurses per shift and the nurse-to-patient ratio per shift were calculated. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to analyse the data. Results The 30-day in-hospital mortality for surgical patients was 1.00% in the hospitals sampled and ranged from 0.27% to 1.62%. The odds ratio for staffing suggests that each increase of one patient per RN is associated with a 6% increase in the likelihood of a patient dying within 30 days of admission. The mean patient-to-RN ratio was 15.56 (SD=2.50) and varied from 10.29 to 19.39. Four of the 13 tasks checked were not performed on patients during the last shift. Conclusion The results are not encouraging, with an extremely critical shortage of RNs and thus a high RN workload. The number of patients per RN is the highest in Europe and also higher than in some non-European countries, and represents an extreme risk to the quality of nursing and healthcare as a whole. The recommendation for acute non-emergency internal medicine and surgery departments is four patients per RN per shift.

Uvod: Neizvedena zdravstvena nega je koncept, ki se pojavlja v zdravstveni oskrbi pacientov po vsem svetu. Namen sistematičnega pregleda literature je opisati neizvedeno zdravstveno nego in pridobiti razumevanje povezanosti koncepta z dejavniki za njen nastanek.Metode: Uporabljen je bil sistematični pregled literature, izveden v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, CINAHL, Wiley library online, COBISS.SI februarja in marca 2020. Iskalni pojmi so bili: neizvedena zdravstvena nega, zamujena oskrba; v angleškem jeziku pa unfinished nursing care, missed nursing care, implicit rationing, care left undone. Iskalna strategija je temeljila na vključitvenih kriterijih: znanstvena revija, recenzirana publikacija, dostopnost v polnem besedilu, slovenski ali angleški jezik, obdobje 2015–2020. Rezultati so bili analizirani s tematsko analizo.Rezultati: Skupaj je bilo identificiranih 1.667 in v končno analizo vključenih 16 zadetkov: dva sistematična pregleda literature, dvanajst presečnih raziskav in dve opisni kvalitativni raziskavi, kar skupaj združuje rezultate 88.294 zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi iz 21 držav. Rezultati so pokazali tri skupine dejavnikov za neizvedeno zdravstveno nego: kadrovske značilnosti, značilnosti delovnega okolja in timsko delo s komunikacijo.Diskusija in zaključek: Rezultati kažejo, da so vzroki za neizvedeno zdravstveno nego kompleksni in nekonsistentni. Med državami se razlikujejo tudi zaradi različnih izobraževalnih sistemov v zdravstveni negi. Povezani so z dejavniki v zdravstveni organizaciji in značilnostmi medicinskih sester. Če želimo na nacionalni ravni ugotoviti količino in obseg neizvedene zdravstvene nege, potrebujemo lastne podatke o stanju na tem področju v Sloveniji.

Background: Interprofessional cooperation in health care is a key factor for the successful team work and safe high-quality treatment of patients. The values and ethics of interprofessional cooperation begin to develop through the educational process. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in databases PubMed, Wiley, CINAHL, Springer Link and Cobiss from November 2021 to January 2022. The search terms were: "interprofessional", "multidisciplinary", "transdisciplinary", "cooperation", "collaboration", "health care", "education". Inclusion criteria were: scientific journal, peer-reviewed, free access in full text, Slovenian or English language, period 2016–2021. The results were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: A total of 4138 hits were identified and 22 included in the final analysis, of these, 4 systematic literature reviews, 10 cross-sectional and 8 qualitative studies and one case study. We created 2 categories: 1. "advantages/importance of interprofessional education and cooperation" with subcategories: "importance of interprofessional education for patients and healthcare workers" and "importance of interprofessional education for students" and 2. "implementation of interprofessional education programs". Discussion: Interprofessional education is important approach for preparing students to enter the working environment in healthcare, where teamwork and cooperation are important competencies. Good cooperation is achieved through respectful and effective communication and respect for the autonomy of professions.