Purpose Engagement is a construct that varies according to the subject, object and context; this has been used to justify the coexistence of a variety of construct definitions and scales. Instead of proposing a new scale, this paper aims to create a procedure for comparing scales and to use it to evaluate brand engagement measures in social media. Design/methodology/approach This study first defines a procedure for the selection, standardization and comparison of scales; this procedure considers both the classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). The authors apply the procedure in a survey of 233 respondents to compare three scales for measuring consumer engagement with brands in social media. Findings The establishment of a procedure for scale comparison is useful in assisting researchers to choose specific measures. Results showed that the three scales have similar characteristics, but Vivek et al.’s (2014) scale is recommended when better discrimination between construct dimensions is required, Hollebeek et al.’s (2014) scale could be used as a one-dimensional scale and Dessart et al.’s (2016) reduced scale has better ability to capture information for the affective and cognitive dimensions. None of the scales were very efficient in discriminating weakly and strongly engaged individuals. Originality/value This study makes a substantive contribution by proposing a procedure for scale comparison that considers CTT and IRT and shows the advantages, limitations and recommendations for using three different scales of consumer engagement.
Resumo:A morfometria do relevo constitui-se em parâmetro importante para a avaliação da potencialidade morfogenética dos terrenos. Dentre as diversas variáveis passíveis de mensuração, a dissecação horizontal ganha relevância ao permitir avaliar os processos morfogenéticos relacionados com a intensidade da dinâmica fl uvial. A obtenção desse tipo de dado, que tradicionalmente envolvia um trabalho moroso, evoluiu bastante com o desenvolvimento de técnicas cartográfi cas digitais. O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar e discutir uma nova técnica automática desenvolvida em meio digital para a aquisição de dados da dissecação horizontal do relevo. Apresenta-se ainda uma análise comparativa de mapeamentos realizados de forma semiautomática e automática da bacia hidrográfi ca do Córrego do Cavalheiro (Analândia -SP), na escala de 1:10.000. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a técnica digital permite maior precisão e demanda menor Informações sobre o Artigo
Fipronil, active ingredient of the acaricide Frontiline®, is a phenyl-pyrazolic derivative, and its efficacy in the elimination of several plagues, even in low concentrations, has already been demonstrated; however, its effect on nontarget organisms has not been thoroughly explained. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different dosages of fipronil on the liver of mice in artificial conditions. Results showed that the animals exposed to fipronil present significant ultrastrucutural changes in hepatic cells with evident cellular and cytoplasm disorganization in hepatocytes characterized by an increase in the number of organelles, mainly mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, organelles that, in the case of the exposed animals, were probably responsible for the enzymes' synthesis that have the function of inactivating the toxic metabolites. A fat accumulation in the hepatocytes' cytoplasm (steatosis) was observed, in addition to extended vacuolated areas, mainly in regions next to the cell nucleus. Alterations observed in the nuclei of the hepatocytes pointed out cell death processes. Moreover, Kupffer cells increased in number (hyperplasia) suggesting an increase in the phagocytic activity of the liver in the exposed animals.
Resumo:Representar cartografi camente o relevo de maneira sistemática não é uma tarefa simples devido à complexidade das informações que devem ser necessariamente relatadas. O uso de processos interpretativos e subjetivos difi culta ainda mais a comparação e aplicação das metodologias por diferentes pesquisadores. Uma das formas de mudar esse quadro é substituir alguns desses processos por uma sequência de procedimentos quantitativos relativos à geomorfometria do terreno. O objetivo desse trabalho foi aplicar uma metodologia de classifi cação de formas do relevo proposta por Hammond (1954Hammond ( , 1964 e adaptada para o ambiente computacional por Dikau, Brabb e Mark (1991) e avaliar os resultados obtidos para a área do planalto de Poços de Caldas -MG. Os parâmetros considerados para a classifi cação foram declividade, amplitude e perfi l do relevo, os quais foram calculados através de janelas móveis e somados para e geração de um mapa de formas de relevo seguindo uma legenda de intervalos de valores. Variados Informações sobre o Artigo
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