When the Standard Model is considered as an effective low-energy theory, higher dimensional interaction terms appear in the Lagrangian. Dimension-six terms have been enumerated in the classical article by Buchmüller and Wyler [3]. Although redundance of some of those operators has been already noted in the literature, no updated complete list has been published to date. Here we perform their classification once again from the outset. Assuming baryon number conservation, we find 15 + 19 + 25 = 59 independent operators (barring flavour structure and Hermitian conjugations), as compared to 16 + 35 + 29 = 80 in Ref. [3]. The three summed numbers refer to operators containing 0, 2 and 4 fermion fields. If the assumption of baryon number conservation is relaxed, 4 new operators arise in the four-fermion sector.⋆ This paper is based on the M.Sc. thesis of the second author.

We present an updated analysis of the Yukawa matrix unification within the renormalizable R-parityconserving Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. It is assumed that the soft terms are non-universal but flavourdiagonal in the super-CKM basis at the GUT scale. Trilinear Higgs-squark-squark A-terms can generate large threshold corrections to the Yukawa matrix Y d at the superpartner decoupling scale. In effect, the SU (5) boundary condition Y d = Y e T at the GUT scale can be satisfied. However, such large trilinear terms make the usual Higgs vacuum metastable (though long-lived). We broaden previous studies by including results from the first LHC phase, notably the measurement of the Higgs particle mass, as well as a quantitative investigation of flavour observables.

Abstract:We investigate the possibility of satisfying the SU(5) boundary condition Y d = Y e T at the GUT scale within the renormalizable R-parity conserving Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Working in the super-CKM basis, we consider non-zero flavour off-diagonal entries in the soft SUSY-breaking mass matrices and the Aterms. At the same time, the diagonal A-terms are assumed to be suppressed by the respective Yukawa couplings. We show that a non-trivial flavour structure of the soft SUSY-breaking sector can contribute to achieving precise Yukawa coupling unification for all three families, and that the relevant flavour-violating parameters are (m 2. We indicate the parameter space regions where the Yukawa unification condition can be satisfied, and we demonstrate that it is consistent with a wide set of experimental constraints, including flavour and electroweak observables, Higgs physics and the LHC bounds. However, as a consequence of the down-electron Yukawa unification requirement, the MSSM vacuum in our scenario is metastable, though long-lived. We also point out that the lightest neutralino needs to be almost purely bino-like and relatively light, with the mass in the ballpark of 250 GeV. Since the proper value of the dark matter relic density is in this case obtained through co-annihilation with a sneutrino, at least one generation of sleptons must be light. Such a clear experimental prediction makes the flavour-violating SU(5) Yukawa unification scenario fully testable at the LHC √ s = 14 TeV with the 3-lepton searches for electroweakino production.

1. Food webs are the physical foundations of ecosystems. Visualisations help to find and present structural patterns of these weighted networks and are essential in research, conservation practice, and education. There has been no open-source library drawing weighted food webs with fractional trophic levels clearly. The existing approaches are scattered across separate libraries and programming languages.2. We provide an ensemble of mutually complementary visualisation methods that enable a general overview of the system, as well as a clear presentation of its details: https://github.com/ibs-pan/foodwebviz. We use colours, sizes, 1 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as