Stellites (Co-Cr-W-C) are the specific group of coating materials used for surface modification of the engineering materials and for remanufacturing too. The aim of the paper was to research the influence of austenitic (308LSi) interlayer present on hardening level of stellite 1 and 6 after impact treatment. The samples have been cladded by TIG welding method with interlayer and without. Before impact hardening the samples have been visually and penetrant non-destructive tested. The samples after impact hardening have been tested by metallographic and Vickers hardness methods. The highest impact hardening effect have been revealed for coatings deposited with interlayer. The highest impact hardening effect was achieved for the padding welds produced with the interlayer, i.e. for stellite 1 (increased by 29.8%) and stellite 6 (increased by 42.7%). The hardening of the coating samples deposited without interlayer was lower and amounted to stellite 1 (increased by 13.7%) and stellite 6 (increased by 29.8%) respectively. The highest hardness values were obtained for impact-hardened cladded welds without the use of an interlayer (stellite 1; 790 HV0.1 and stellite 6; 732 HV0.1). The use of an interlayer reduces the hardness of the stellite coating while increasing the susceptibility to hardening and plastic deformation of the produced coating.

This work shows a case study into 3D modelling, numerical simulations, and preliminary research of self-designed test rig dedicated for uniaxial tensile testing using pillar press. Innovative device was CAD modelled, FEM optimized, build-up according to the technological documentations. Then, the device utilization for tensile testing was validated via preliminary research. 3D model of the device was designed and FEM-analyzed using Solid Edge 2020 software. The set of FEM simulations for device components made of structural steel and stainless steel and at a workload equal 20 kN were conducted. This made it possible to optimize dimensions and selection of material used for individual parts of the device structure. Elaborated technical documentation allows for a build-up of a device prototype which was fixed into the pillar press. After that, the comparative preliminary experiments regarding tensile strength tests of X5CrNi18-10 (AISI 304) specimens were carried out. Tests were done using the commercial tensile strength machine and obtained results were compared with those received from an invented device. The ultimate tensile strength of X5CrNi18-10 steel, estimated using the commercial device (634 MPa) and results obtained from the patented device (620 MPa), were in the range of the standardized values. Findings confirm the utilization of the invented device for tensile strength testing.

This work deals with a comparative numerical finite volume method of airflow for a 3D airframe model. The analyzed airframe model allowed 3-vector thrust directing while using the geometry of the inverted delta, which increases lift force area, allows for vertical take-off and landing, as well as full control of its flight using rotating propulsion nacelles and an airframe control system. The airframe model dimensions were 3900 x 3250 x 915 mm, enabling the installation of components of specific dimensions. CFD analysis using a four-equation transition SST model with automatic surface roughness and initial conditions: T = 288K, viscosity η= 1.7894∙ 10−5 k g m · s and was carried out in the FLUENT module of ANSYS 16.0. For each simulation, 2000 iterations were performed with the intention of achieving a convergence of all residuals below 1∙10-3 using a calculation mesh consisting of 500,000 elements and 150,000 nodes. The model uses aerodynamic profile geometries: CLARK Y, NACA 6409, and NACA 2414, which are provided to obtain the optimal aerodynamic characteristics and determine the optimal range of angles of attack for the designed solution. Those angles of attack were in the range of α = 5 ÷ 10° in which the highest excellence coefficient of the carrier airfoil profile occurs. For those values of parameters optimal lift and drag forces were determined