Corrosive environments are responsible for the highest degree of degradation and failure in marine structures. The presence of sea water in marine structures such as flexible pipes can cause a significant reduction in their operational life, especially when associated with permeated gases, which could lead to corrosion related failure mechanisms such as corrosion-fatigue and hydrogen cracking. The ingress of sea water into flexible pipes can occur either due to ruptures in their external polymeric sheath or to permeation of condensed water from the pipe bore. This event since flooding of the so-called annular space of flexible pipes is the trigger for all knows corrosion assisted failure modes, it is clear that a system that is able to reliably detect the presence of water in the structure is highly desirable. This work will describe a radio frequency identification (RFID) system designed for this purpose; it relies on the measurement of shifts in the resonance frequency of specially-designed tags which would be inserted within the layers of the flexible pipe during manufacturing. This paper shows the design and validation process of these tags and also of a reader which is meant to be scanned along the outside surface of the pipe by a remotely-operated vehicle (ROV). The study was performed through a finite element analysis and a test in which the tags were inserted within a full-scale mock-up of a flexible riser, which was then flooded with synthetic seawater. Results show that the shift in response due to sea water is clearly identifiable and distinguishable from other effects.
Tecnologias para o monitoramento de estrututras metálicas, tais como strain gages e fibra óptica, são usualmente utilizadas quando se deseja obter dados de deformação. Ambas as técnicas exigem cabeamento, produzindo diversas adversidades em suas aplicações. Assim, novas tecnologias sem fio ganham espaço, buscando monitoramento remoto e versatilidade. Sensores sem fio utilizando a tecnologia RFID (Identificação por radiofrequência) se mostram atrativos meios de contornar tais adversidades. Estes sensores são formados por uma antena e um semicondutor de identificação (RFID). O conceito básico do sensor é que este, quando colado ao material que sofre deformação, irá se deformar também, alterando sua frequência de ressonância. Dessa forma, tanto para tração quanto para compressão, teremos variadas respostas. Para construção do sensor foi utilizado o material FR-4 e para o corpo de prova uma chapa de alumínio de 16mm seguindo a norma E647 para ensaios de taxa de crescimento de trincas por fadiga. Foi realizado um estudo numérico com elementos finitos com a finalidade de validar o sensor. À medida que a trinca se propaga, os dados da frequência de ressonância são coletados e estes relacionados.
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