RésuméEn France, la réglementation concernant l'évaluation du niveau de sécurité des linéaires de digues a été renforcée. Elle nécessite l'évaluation probabiliste du risque de défaillance des ouvrages. Or ceux-ci et leurs mécanismes de défaillances demeurent dans une large mesure mal connus, conduisant à une prédominance de l'exploitation du jugement expert dans les études de diagnostic. Ainsi une erreur de jugement peut avoir des conséquences catastrophiques et la production d'une information fiable induit que l'ingénieur est capable de décrire fidèlement ses évaluations ainsi que l'incertitude qui s'y rattache. Répondant à ce besoin, notre recherche, au sein du projet INCERTU, vise à produire des approches et des outils scientifiques pertinents pour la collecte et le traitement des déclarations d'experts fiables ou assorties d'un degré de vraisemblance. Nous présentons ici nos recherches concernant l'identification et le traitement des biais susceptibles d'entacher les évaluations expertes. SummaryIn France, the regulation on the evaluation of linear levees security level has been strengthened. It requires the probabilistic assessment of failure risk of structures. However thereof and their failure mechanisms remain largely not well known, leading to a predominance of the exploitation of the expert judgment in diagnostic studies. Thus an error in judgment can have catastrophic consequences and the production of reliable information induces the engineer is able to accurately describe these evaluations and the uncertainty associated whit it. To meet this need, our research, within INCERTU project, aims to produce relevant scientific approaches and tools for the collection and treatment of reliable expert statements or accompanied by a degree of verisimilitude. We present our research on the identification and treatment of biases may taint the expert evaluations.
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