Measuring the endothelial glycocalyx constituents in circulating blood could be a marker of intraoperative volume overload during laparoscopic operations.

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PurposeThere are no evidence-based guidelines for volume replacement during surgical procedures such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, the administration of a restrictive volume of crystalloids could be more cost-effective and safe. This trial aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of a restrictive regimen of crystalloids in patients during laparoscopic cholecystectomy by analyzing its cost-effectiveness and 1-year morbidity rate.Patients and methodsIn this randomized, prospective study, patients were assigned to one of three groups based on the volume of fluid administered: the restrictive group received 1 mL/kg/hr, the low liberal group received 5 mL/kg/hr, and the high liberal group received 15 mL/kg/hr of Ringer’s solution intraoperatively. There were 40 patients in each group. Each patient’s hemodynamic parameters and laboratory values (arterial blood gas and lactate levels) were measured together with their consumption of crystalloids, volatile anesthetics, and analgesics.ResultsAnalysis of the hemodynamic and laboratory parameters revealed no signs of global hypoperfusion in any of the groups analyzed. There was no significant difference in the duration of surgery and anesthesia, but the consumption of crystalloids, volatile anesthetics, and opioids was significantly lower in the restrictive group, compared with the low and high liberal groups. Although there was no significant difference in the 1-year morbidity among the groups, heart failure was observed in one patient in the high liberal group in the early postoperative period.ConclusionRestrictive fluid therapy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is justified, safe, and more cost-effective than other options.

The new method of monitoring lung function ("vibration response imaging"-VRI) converts vibration energy that appears in the bronchial tree during airflow into an image. The VRI does not use energy that could have a detrimental effect on the cells and organs. The goal of our research was to verify the VRI device in the diagnosis and the localization of various lung pathologies. In our medical-surgical ICU we did a retrospective analysis of the prospective database that included 61 patients. We compare VRI with chest X-ray and CT scan in patients with intrathoracic (the presence of air and fluid in the intrapleural space, pulmonary hypoventilation, atelectasis, contusion and inflammatory lung pathology) or extrathoracic pathology that affect respiratory function. Intrathoracic pathology was observed in 32 patients and extrathoracic pathology in 29 patients. The use of the VRI device showed earlier disorder of hypoventilation compared to chest X-ray, especially after abdominal surgical procedures, intraabdominal hypertension and various lung pathology as it detected laterobasal pneumothorax earlier.In our patients VRI has been proven to be a reliable method for detecting regional distribution of ventilation and atelectasis of the lungs of individual parts regardless of pulmonary pathology. VRI is shown as a reliable method for detecting air and fluid in the intrapleural space.

The effectiveness of sedation in the ICU is routinely assessed by subjective monitoring of the patient's clinical condition or by using the monitors. The aim of our study was to review the monitoring of sedation using bispectral analysis (BIS) in medicalsurgical ICU. A retrospective analysis of patients who were treated in the ICU from 2008 to 2014 was made. The data of 104 patients were analyzed. The average values of age are 54.38 (SD ±18,93; median 58). 39 (37,5%) of the patients died. The patients were referred to the ICU from medical (37), surgical departments (23) and traumatology (44). The patients were treated in the ICU for 13.84 days (SD ±17.29; median 8). The burst suppression pattern was noticed in 31 (29.8%) patients. Delirium occurred in 3 patients after the separation from the ventilator. In heterogeneous groups of patients, in which BIS was applied, it is not possible to make certain conclusions. The cost of the method unfortunately limits its wider usage. It is necessary to wait for the results of future studies which will set clear indications for the use of BIS in certain groups of patients.