Resumen. La estrecha relación existente entre la vegetación y el polen que ésta produce favorece el estudio de las comunidades vegetales desde un punto de vista palinológico. De esta manera es posible obtener información sobre la distribución de la vegetación por medio de la dispersión y depositación de los granos de polen. La caracterización polínica de las comunidades vegetales permite investigar la historia de la vegetación desde la perspectiva actualista. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar la dispersión-depositación del polen actual en relación con la distribución de la vegetación utilizando análisis estadísticos multivariados (clasifi cación y correspondencia) como un paso esencial para futuros estudios de la historia ambiental del Holoceno de la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. El área de estudio está localizada en el sector argentino de la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego a 52°40'S-55°07'S; 65°05'O-68°40'O. El resultado de los métodos numéricos y su asociación con los parámetros ambientales ha permitido la diferenciación de un continuum de comunidades que pertenecen a diferentes unidades fi sonómicas: bosque y estepa graminosa. Palabras clave: palinología, lluvia de polen, comunidades, vegetación, análisis multivariados, Tierra del Fuego.
Plant Palaeocommunities of Central Tierra del Fuego during the Early and Late Holocene.This study presents new data for the history of vegetation of central Tierra del Fuego. The goal is to identify the vegetation types before and after the middle Holocene, having in mind previous studies proposing a forest expansion started in early Holocene times following a SW-NE precipitation gradient. Two segments of a Sphagnum peat bog profile (R-2: 54°32'S, 67°04'W), now surrounded by the Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp et Endl.) deciduous forest, were analyzed. The following results were obtained through the modern analogs method: steppe and woodland were found in the older segment and open and closed forest in the younger segment. We concluded that an asynchronous establishment of the involved plant communities occurred. In fact, ca. 7000 years BP, while in other sites of the central island forests were already established, in R-2, located eastwards from those sites, the steppe-woodland ecotone dominated. On the other hand, from ca. 2000 years AP to modern times both open and closed forests covered the central area. The humidity carried by the Southern Westerlies could have influenced the late development of Nothofagus. This study represents an advancement in the knowledge of the vegetation history, and provides new data about the asynchrony in the establishment of communities.
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