No abstract

Supply chain management (SCM) deals with various strategic, tactical, and operational level decisions in which pricing is of utmost importance to decision makers. Most of the real‐life supply chain pricing problems consider competition as a crucial factor in order to expand the market share and tackle emerging competitors. Accordingly, competitive pricing in SCM has attracted great attention by practitioners and academicians in the last four decades. Now after 40 years, it seems necessary to systematically review and classify the previous studies and present the most appealing future research directions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the state‐of‐the‐art published papers in scientific journals. Here, 166 papers published from 1983 to 2021 are reviewed and classified to introduce the major models and specific considerations in this field. After reviewing the selected competitive pricing models, some research insights and potential subjects for extending the literature are presented to illustrate the most appropriate and challenging future research directions.

Closed-loop supply chains have attracted more attention by researchers and practitioners due to strong government regulations, environmental issues, social responsibilities and natural resource constraints over past few years. This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming model to design a closed-loop supply chain network and optimizing pricing policies under random disruption. Reusing the returned products is applied as a resilience strategy to cope with the waste of energy and improving supply efficiency. Moreover, it is necessary to find the optimal prices for both final and returned products. Therefore, the model is formulated based on demand function and it maximizes total supply chain’s profit. Finally, its application is explored through using the real data of an industrial company in glass industry.