No abstract

<p>Silica powder was obtained from the mud volcano of Napan Village following the co-precipitation method. This research aimed to determine the phase changes that occur in calcined silica with various temperatures. This research was carried out in three stages, there are the preparation of a mud volcano using the pre-treatment method, extraction of silica with sodium hydroxy solution, and calcination of silica with temperature variations. By analysis of XRF and XRD results, the mud volcano samples showed a high percentage of SiO₂ minerals. The results of silica characterization using XRD showed that uncalcined and calcined silica at 600^oC had an amorphous structure with broading peaks. Tridymite and cristobalite phases were detected in calcined silica at 800^oC and 1000^oC. Calcined silica at a temperature of 1000^oC transformed the tridymite phase to cristobalite with a decrease in the intensity of the tridymite phase while the cristobalite phase increased.</p>

The business’ level, lack of knowledge about the making process and use of hand sanitizers from natural ingredients caused sellers in Pasar Baru Kefamenanu do not apply the health protocols during transactions with buyers. Therefore, there needs to be educated about natural ingredients that can be used as hand sanitizers, the making process, and how to use them. Natural ingredients that are found in Kefamenanu are betel leaves. Education on making hand sanitizers from betel leaves helps sellers to be able to make their own hand sanitizers. The addition of aloe vera to betel leaves extract aims to make the liquid hand sanitizer becomes softer. While lime and perfume are to get rid of the betel leaves’ smell. The distribution of hand sanitizers that has been made can be an example of products from natural ingredients and the storage bottles provided can be used as a refill place for hand sanitizer.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi KOH terhadap struktur dan fasa pada lempung dan pengaruh variasi konsentrasi KOH terhadap situs asam basa pada lempung. Penelirian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Fakultas pertanian, universitas Timor dan Laboratorium Universitas Negeri Malang.Lempung ini diaktivasi menggunakan KOH dengan variasi konsentrasi KOH 5%, 10%, 20% dan 25 % dengan suhu kalsinasi 300°C. Lempung aktivasi dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRF, XRD dan situs asam dan basa lempung dengan metode alkalimetri dan asidimetri. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penyusun lempung adalah Al dan Si yang menyusun mineral-mineral besar yaitu Kuarsa, montmonilorit dan kaolinit. Pengamatan selanjutnya menunjukan bahwa keasaman dan kebasaan lempung teraktivasi KOH lebih besar dari lempung aktivasi. Keasaman tertinggi pada konsentrasi 10% sebesar 2 mmol/g, sedangkan kebasaan tertinggi pada konsentrasi 25% sebesar 1,875 mmol/g.