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We evaluated whether a measure of mental health treatment fearfulness is associated with past mental health treatment history and/or current treatment status. Student Ss who either were or were not about to begin psychotherapy responded to the fear measure and a measure of psychological distress, and they also answered questions about their mental health treatment-seeking history. Analysis indicated that increased treatment fearfulness was associated retrospectively with a history of service underconsumption and cross-sectionally with a nonclinical treatment status. We conclude that treatment fears are associated with treatment-seeking decisions and suggest that future studies focus on delineating the causal relation of these variables and on the role that treatment fears may play in treatment compliance and behavior change.MATT G. KUSHNER received his MA in psychology from the University of Missouri-Columbia in 1987. He is currently a PhD candidate in clinical psychology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. KENNETH J. SHER received his PhD from Indiana University in 1981.

Screening for comorbid anxiety disorder in alcoholism treatment patients is warranted and, where found, should be considered a marker of high relapse risk relative to that of noncomorbid patients. The capacity of specific anxiety treatment to mitigate relapse risk among comorbid patients remains an open question.