This is a repository copy of Ten people-centered rules for socially sustainable ecosystem restoration.

No abstract

Tomato is also known as the poor man's apple in Nepal. China is the largest producer of tomato in the world. Tomato is grown throughout the year in recent years in Nepal with the introduction of plastic house for off season production. Secondary information is used to assess the consumption pattern and national demand of tomato in 2015/16 for Nepal. The result showed the import from India is increasing compared to previous years. The reason behind this might be increase in consumption of tomato in recent years in Nepal. The central development region is the highest consumer of tomato compared to other regions of the country. The average national consumption of tomato was found 11.97Kg/person/year in Nepal.

No abstract

Achieving social equity in land and forest restoration is a key objective of major international frameworks and commitments, including the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Meeting this objective requires consideration of key governance questions such as who makes decisions about what is restored, where, and how? And how do factors specific to local contexts influence which decisions are made, and, in turn, the distribution of benefits? Despite the demonstrated importance of social equity on project outcomes in many natural resource-based fields, there have to date been no assessments of social equity of farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR), an approach used mainly for restoring degraded agricultural land. Drawing on findings from community-based fieldwork in 2019-2020 in northeastern Ghana, this paper aims to fill this void. We address the following question: How do historical, socio-ecological, and political processes condition prospects for social equity in FMNR interventions? Key findings were: 1) Preexisting hierarchies in authority, control, and access over land and trees shaped decision-making in project design and the potential distribution of benefits from FMNR 2) FMNR, when implemented on farmland, generally aligned with local agroecological practices; but, when implemented to restore communal lands, it created tensions with local perceptions of equity as well as traditional land and natural resource management practices, and 3) The FMNR project reflected the continuing salience of dominant political and environmental discourses, which carry implications for restoring landscapes with FMNR. To support practitioners, we provide several recommendations for strengthening social equity of FMNR project designs.