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OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of fear of falling (FOF) and fear-related activity restriction (FAR) and their association with frailty, sarcopenia, gait speed and grip strength, cognitive impairment, depression, social isolation, self-perceived health, and vision. DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 493 community-dwelling older adults, 60 years and older. MEASURES: FOF and FAR were assessed using validated single closed-ended questions. Questionnaire was administered to evaluate frailty (FRAIL scale-Fatigue, Resistance, Aerobic, Illness, and Loss of Weight), sarcopenia (SARC-F-lifting and carrying 10 pounds, walking across a room, transferring from bed/chair, climbing a flight of 10 stairs, and frequency of falls in the past 1 year), social isolation (six-item Lubben Social Network Scale), depression (Even Briefer Assessment Scale), cognition (Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination), and perceived general health and pain (The EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS)). Binary logistic regression was performed to determine the influence of sociodemographic, medical, functional, and cognitive variables on FOF with/without FAR. RESULTS: Prevalence of FOF was 69.2%, and among them, 38.4% had FAR. Prevalence of FOF with or without FAR in those with sarcopenia was 93.3% and in prefrail/frail was 76.6%. FOF was significantly associated with prefrail/frail (odds ratio (OR) = 2.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-3.73), depression (OR = 4.90; 95% CI = 1.06-22.67), number of medications (OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.03-1.59), and female sex (OR = 3.54; 95% CI = 1.82-6.90). FOF + FAR was associated with depression (OR = 5.17; 95% CI = 1.84-14.54) and sarcopenia (OR = 8.13; 95% CI = 1.52-43.41). CONCLUSION: FOF with/without FAR is highly prevalent among community-dwelling older adults, especially in those with sarcopenia, prefrailty, and frailty, with significant negative impact on function, quality of life, social network, and mental health. Further research is needed to investigate the value of population-level screening, causal relationship, and efficacy of comprehensive intervention strategies.

A series of beta-diketiminate lead halide complexes has been synthesised LPbCl (2), LPbBr (3) and LPbI (4) (L = {N(2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3))C(Me)}2CH]), which includes a rare example of a three-coordinate lead iodide (4). The chloride and bromide complexes, 2 and 3, are relatively stable in both the solid and solution states, only slowly decomposing to elemental lead over the course of a month in solution, the lead iodide 4 appears to be less stable and decomposes after 3 d in the solid state at ambient temperatures. The lead chloride complex 2 was treated with KN(SiMe3)2 to yield an unusual terminal lead amide complex LPbN(SiMe3)2 (5). Unlike three-coordinate beta-diketiminate transition metal-halide complexes, the ligands are present in a pyramidal arrangement around the lead centre, commonly attributed to the presence of a stereochemically active lone pair. We have investigated the influence of this lone pair on the geometry of the metal halide complexes 2-4, as well as the isostructural germanium and tin complexes (6 and 7, respectively) using DFT calculations. The lone pair in the lead complexes is significantly more diffuse than in the tin and germanium analogues and only a small amount of hybridisation between the 6s and 6p orbitals is observed.