A frontal sinus fracture treatment algorithm is proposed and statistically validated. Nasofrontal outflow tract involvement with obstruction is best managed by obliteration or cranialization. Osteoneogenesis and fat obliteration are associated with unacceptable complication rates. Observation is safe when the nasofrontal outflow tract is intact.

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Dual soft-tissue perfusion was confirmed in most specimens at the nasal, central face, and maxilla. The inclusion of the maxilla in the design of a facial composite allotransplant demands bilateral vascular pedicles based on the internal maxillary arteries. The authors highlight a procurement strategy for design of such flaps.