The kinetics of the cationic ring-opening polymerizations
of epoxide monomers were controlled through the use of supramolecular
proton complexes. α,ω-Diglycidyl oligoethylene oxides
bearing multiple ethyleneoxy spacer groups form metastable supramolecular
proton complexes with strong Brønsted acids generated either
by the photolysis of onium salts or by their redox reactions with
reducing agents. Trapping of the Brønsted acids by in
situ complex formation results in a delay of the onset of
cationic ring-opening. However, once polymerization begins, the epoxide
groups of the monomer are very rapidly consumed resulting in characteristically
highly exothermic autoaccelerated polymerization reactions. Crown
ethers can also form supramolecular complexes with hydronium ions
derived from the reaction of protonic acids with water and these complexes
can be used to modify the kinetic behavior of the cationic ring-opening
thermal and photopolymerizations of a variety of epoxide monomers.
The ring size of a crown ether has a strong influence on the stability
of the supramolecular complex formed, and this was shown to have a
major impact on the kinetics of the cationic ring-opening polymerizations.
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