The focus of the investigation was to examine the effects of citrulline malate on muscular fatigue in healthy, recreationally trained participants. Twelve participants (males = 6; females = 6) (24.1 ± 3.9 yrs) visited the lab on three separate days all separated by one week. Each visit consisted of consuming one of three treatments: placebo (PLA), citrulline malate (8 g) (CM), and control (CON) in which no drink mixture was consumed. For each day of testing, participants consumed assigned treatment and performed one high-intensity exercise trial consisting of squats, lunge jumps, squat jumps, and lateral jumps. Participants performed the exercises in the listed order, which was designated as one round. Each participant performed 3 rounds, with the work to rest ratio being 20 sec work, 30 sec rest. A one min rest was given between rounds. A pre/post-exercise isokinetic leg extension test was performed to measure for peak power, peak torque, and rate of fatigue. Additionally, blood lactate was obtained pre/post-exercise. There were no treatment or interaction effects (p > 0.05) for peak torque, peak power, rate of fatigue, or blood lactate accumulation. However, there was a statistical significant decrease from pre/post-ex for peak torque (p = 0.003), peak power (p = 0.003), and rate of fatigue (p = 0.001). Additionally, lactate accumulation did increase significantly from pre/post-ex (p = 0.0001). Lastly, neither total work nor final heart rate was statistical significant between the treatments (p > 0.05). Citrulline malate was not effective in improving performance or alleviating fatigue following a high-intensity exercise session.

Low-dose caffeine administered in chewing gum does not enhance cycling to exhaustion. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the effect of low-dose caffeine (CAF) administered in chewing gum at 3 different time points during submaximal cycling exercise to exhaustion. Eight college-aged (26 ± 4 years), physically active (45.5 ± 5.7 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) volunteers participated in 4 experimental trials. Two pieces of caffeinated chewing gum (100 mg per piece, total quantity of 200 mg) were administered in a double-blind manner at 1 of 3 time points (-35, -5, and +15 minutes) with placebo at the other 2 points and at all 3 points in the control trial. The participants cycled at 85% of maximal oxygen consumption until volitional fatigue and time to exhaustion (TTE) were recorded in minutes. Venous blood samples were obtained at -40, -10, and immediately postexercise and analyzed for serum-free fatty acid and plasma catecholamine concentrations. Oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, glucose, lactate, ratings of perceived exertion, and perceived leg pain measures were obtained at baseline and every 10 minutes during cycling. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the trials for any of the parameters measured including TTE. These findings suggest that low-dose CAF administered in chewing gum has no effect on TTE during cycling in recreational athletes and is, therefore, not recommended.

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