Background: Since May 2022, increasing numbers of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections have been reported from across Europe and North America.Studies, mainly from Africa, have suggested a higher risk for severe MPXV cases in people living with HIV.Methods: This was a retrospective study of all confirmed MPXV infections observed in the participating centres since 19 May 2022. We conducted a chart review to evaluate clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and coinfections, including HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Results: By 30 June 2022, a total of 546 MPXV infections were reported from 42 German centres. All patients were men who have sex with men (MSM), of whom 256 (46.9%) were living with HIV, mostly with a preserved immune system and with viral suppression. In total, 232 (42.5%) MSM were also taking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and 58 (10.6%) MSM had no known HIV infection or PrEP use. The median age was 39 years (range 20-67), and comorbidities were rare. However, 52.4% and 29.4% of all patients had been diagnosed with at least one STI within the last 6 months or within the last 4 weeks, respectively. The most frequent localizations of MPXV infection were For affiliation refer to page 395

Cryptococcal antigenemia was prevalent and an independent predictor of mortality/loss-to-follow-up in this Tanzanian cohort of ART-naïve HIV-infected individuals with CD4 <150 cells/μL. Fluconazole decreased mortality/loss-to-follow-up. These findings support the urgent adoption of the CD4-targeted cryptococcal antigen screening recommendations in Tanzania.

This study demonstrates the dynamics in the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus subtypes. Subtypes 3a and 4a have become increasingly prevalent in patients where an infection within recent years can be assumed. Evidence is presented that the subtypes observed among younger patients can spread rapidly and lead to significant changes in the subtype distribution