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Effective Separation of Gas and Fluid Phases by Means of Selective AdsorptionAdsorption is a versatile tool for the separation of low abundant molecules from complex mixtures. The affinity and selectivity of the adsorbents are crucial parameters for the efficiency of the separation process. This work provides an overview of the basic adsorption mechanisms and illustrates their relevance for technical applications based on own experimental data in bioprocess, environmental and safety engineering. Distinctive features between the adsorption from the gas and fluid phase, respectively, the differences between small molecules and interacting biomacromolecules are presented.