There is a high frequency of diarrhea and vomiting in childhood. As a consequence the focus of the present review is to recognize the different body fluid compartments, to clinically assess the degree of dehydration, to know how the equilibrium between extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid is maintained, to calculate the effective blood osmolality and discuss both parenteral fluid maintenance and replacement.

PAI-1 levels were abnormal in WT-VOD. Defibrotide was a safe, well-tolerated, and potentially efficacious therapy in this group of patients. Further prospective study is needed in WT-VOD to confirm these data.

Our study demonstrates that fibrinolytic tests can help diagnose VOD after HSCT in the pediatric population.

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