-The tissue heat-balance method (Cÿ ermák) and the heat-dissipation method (Granier) were compared in three Scots pines and two Norway spruces in a forest in central Sweden. The Granier system measured up to 50% lower sapflow than the Cÿ ermák system at high flow rates. New coefficients for the Granier system were estimated, based on sapflow density from the Cÿ ermák measurements. Without compensation, natural temperature gradients may cause large errors in measurements made by the Granier system. By using a horizontal reference sensor, no compensation was necessary. It was also shown that radial flow patterns must be considered when calculating total tree sapflow. Transpiration of two adjacent stands, one measured by the Granier method and the other by the Cÿ ermák method, showed good agreement internally and with total evaporation measured by the eddy-correlation method.
THB / HD / sap-flow / transpiration / Picea abies / Pinus sylvestrisRésumé -Évaluation des méthodes des équilibres thermiques et de dissipation thermique concernant la mesure de flux de sève pour le pin et l'épicéa. La méthode des équilibres thermiques (Cÿ ermák), et la méthode de dissipation thermique (Granier) ont été comparées pour trois Pins sylvestres et deux épicéas dans une forêt du centre de la Suède. Le système Granier a donné des valeurs de flux de sève jusqu'à 50 % plus faible que le système Cÿ ermák pour les flux élevés. De nouveaux coefficients basés sur les mesures de densité de flux obtenues avec le système Cÿ ermák ont été estimés pour le système Granier. Le système Granier sans compensation pour les gradients naturels de température dans le tronc peut présenter de larges erreurs, mais si un capteur de référence horizontal est utilisé, les compensations ne sont pas nécessaires. Il a aussi été démontré que les variations radiales de flux doivent être prises en compte lors des calculs de flux de sève pour l'arbre entier. Les transpirations de deux couverts adjacents, l'un mesuré avec la méthode Granier, et l'autre avec la méthode Cÿ ermák, sont en accord entre elles et avec l'évaporation totale mesurée par la méthode des corrélations turbulentes.
THB / HD / flux de sève / transpiration / Picea abies / Pinus sylvestris
Simple light use efficiency ( e e e e ) models of net primary production (NPP) have recently been given great attention (NPP = e e e e ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ absorbed photosynthetically active radiation). The underlying relationships have, however, not been much studied on a time step less than a month. In this study daily NPP was estimated as the sum of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and heterotrophic respiration ( R h ) of a mixed pine and spruce forest in Sweden. NEE was measured by eddy correlation technique and R h was estimated from measurements of forest floor respiration ( R f ) and the root share of R f . The total yearly NPP was on average 810 g C m , indicating that between-years variation in NPP is not directly dependent on total Q i . The light was most efficiently used at an average daytime temperature of around 15 ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ C. At daytime vapour pressure deficit above 1400 Pa e e e e was reduced by approximately 50%.
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