Background Rituximab in combination with chemotherapy is now widely accepted as standard of care for AIDS-related lymphomas (ARLs) of B-cell origin. However, the clinical impact of rituximab in resource limited settings remains unknown. Different settings and patient heterogeneity may affect the effect of any given treatment. The study objectives were to determine if rituximab use was associated with improved 18-month overall survival (OS) of patients with ARLs and to identify correlates of 18-month OS. Methods A retrospective review of medical records of adult HIV infected patients treated for high-grade large cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with chemotherapy +/- rituximab between 2015–2017 was conducted. Vital status and disease progression/relapse at 18 months were determined. Survival functions were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methodology. Equality of survival functions were assessed using Log-rank tests and Cox regression analysis to identify risk factors for mortality. Results One hundred and twenty-four eligible medical records were identified. This was a cohort of black Africans with a median age of 42 (IQR: 33–47) and a 57% male gender distribution. Overall survival at 6, 12 and 18 months for the population was 75.9%, 44.0% and 30.6% respectively. Over the study period, 72.6% of patients were diagnosed with disease progression/ relapse. There was a higher rate of rituximab use in patients who were treated at a private institution and those with medical insurance. Rituximab use was not associated with a reduction in 18-month mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)1.28, (95% CI 0.63–2.60)]. Risk factors for 18-month mortality were male gender [aHR 1.89, (95% CI 1.04–3.43)], age 40+ years [aHR 2.49, (1.33–4.67)], receipt of <3 chemotherapy cycles [aHR 2.48, (95% CI 1.33–4.60)] and low socioeconomic status [aHR 2.44, (95% CI 1.28–4.67)]. Conclusions Predictors of mortality were male gender, older age, low socioeconomic status and receipt of a less than half of the recommended number of chemotherapy cycles. Rituximab use was not associated with an improvement in 18-month OS in Zimbabwean patients with ARLs.

Background There is a potential increase in risk of renal function impairment among patients with invasive cervical cancer (ICC) who are HIV-positive and treated with cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT). This concern is due to overlapping nephrotoxicity of the drugs, and nephropathy from the diseases themselves. There is limited literature available for the short-term renal outcomes for HIV-positive patients with ICC during routine clinical management. This study aimed to assess if HIV-infection increased the risk of renal impairment in ICC patients treated with CCRT, and explore the respective risk factors. Materials and methods This was a retrospective review of records of ICC patients treated with at least one cycle of weekly cisplatin during CCRT at the Parirenyatwa Radiotherapy Center from January 2017-December 2018. The RIFLE criteria were used to classify renal impairment. Analyses were performed with Fisher’s Exact tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Odds ratios (OR) were generated using logistic regression. All statistical tests were 2-sided at a 5% level of significance. Results Seventy-two eligible patients were identified, 32 (44.44%) were HIV-positive. HIV-positive patients were younger (p = 0.002), had lower albumin levels (p = 0.014) and received lower cisplatin doses (p = 0.044). The mean percent reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline was -19% (95% CI: -25.9% to -13.2%) for all patients. Thirty-one (43.1%) patients experienced renal impairment, 50% and 37.5% of HIV-positive and -negative patients respectively (p = 0.287). HIV-infection was associated with an adjusted OR of 1.16 (95% CI 0.35–3.43, p = 0.769). Baseline eGFR< 60ml/min was the only independent predictor of renal impairment, OR 0.25 (95% CI: 0.07–0.85). Baseline eGFR<60ml/min was also associated with receipt of lower cisplatin doses (p = 0.044). Conclusion HIV-infection was not associated with elevated risk of renal impairment. Patients with an eGFR<60ml/min appear to be managed more cautiously reducing their risk for renal impairment during cisplatin therapy. The high prevalence of renal impairment in this population suggests the need for optimization of pre-treatment protocols.

Background Globally, marijuana is becoming an acceptable complementary medicine for symptom management in cancer. At the time that the study was conducted, Zimbabwean laws only allowed for the cultivation of marijuana for medical and scientific use. As of 18 July 2022, the national medicines regulator released a circular allowing the licensing, distribution, and use of cannabidiol-based products. Anecdotes indicate there is medical marijuana use among Zimbabwean patients with cancer. We sought to determine the prevalence, patterns of use and perceptions of medical marijuana among patients with cancer. Methods A cross-sectional survey was used to determine patterns and perceptions of marijuana use among outpatient patients with cancer. The study included adults attending the outpatient oncology clinic at Parirenyatwa Hospital Radiotherapy Treatment Center. Results Fifty participants with a median age of 50.5 years (IQR: 41–58) completed the questionnaire, and 28.0% of them were male. The prevalence of marijuana use in the sample was 24.0% (95% CI 13.9–38.2). Most marijuana users were male (83.3%, p < 0.001). The rate of medical marijuana use among users was 66.7%. Participants were generally neutral concerning the benefits of marijuana and how it should be regulated. Just under 50% indicated that they would be open to using it if it were legal. Conclusions and recommendations The prevalence of marijuana use in the sample was comparable to other jurisdictions. Perceptions toward medical marijuana were generally neutral. Consequently, for medical marijuana and/or cannabidiol-based products to become acceptable in the Zimbabwean context, there is need for the dissemination of evidence-based information on their benefits.

To ameliorate the impact of brain drain on quality of education at the University of Zimbabwe, the Health Education Advanced Leadership in Zimbabwe (HEALZ) programme was implemented in 2012. The authors present a retrospective narrative review of the pharmacy educators’ activities under the programme, and the impact on pharmacy education. Five pharmacy educators were enrolled into the one-year programme between 2016 and 2020. The programme consisted of three intensive one-week face-to-face sessions focused on health professions education. In between the sessions, the educators conducted needs’ assessments to establish gaps in pharmacy training and developed curricula in the areas of herbal medicine, snakebites, drug-herb interactions, oncology, and health economics. Thereafter, they delivered seven conference abstracts and nine continuing professional development training sessions. The pharmacy educators are now working on transferring the HEALZ programme to the two new pharmacy training institutions, to strengthen the pharmacy education workforce across the country.