Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world and has enormous potentialin the maritime sector. Therefore, President Joko Widodo aimed to turn Indonesia into amaritime fulcrum of the world. However, this idea hampered by doctrinal errors rootedfrom the community level to policymakers, including the doctrine of state defense. Theseerrors rendered Indonesia unable to play an important role using its strategic location asthe largest archipelagic country. Furthermore, piracy culture in some coastal communitiesof Indonesia is also a problem that hinders international trade. Moreover, this conditionis further exacerbated by the threat of maritime terrorism that endangered Indonesianseafarers. This paper uses the theoretical foundation by Alfred Thayer Mahan on Sea Powerto analyze what kind of policies should be taken by the government to solve the maritimesecurity holes in order to actualize the idea of Indonesia as the maritime fulcrum of theworld. Mahen stated that to become a powerful country in the world, a country should havecontrol over the oceans. Through this theory, solving maritime security holes in Indonesiacan be conducted by accumulating the strength of the sea in quantity and quality.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019 caused various problems for the international community, especially China as the outbreak’s epicenter. With the enactment of a lockdown policy in China, various activities involving human interactions, especially economic activities, are limited and can potentially disrupt the global value chain as China is the world’s factory. In this paper, we examine the impact of the pandemic on the Global Value Chain (GVC) in China. The authors argue that the pandemic has forced the companies that integrated with GVC to rethink their strategy on keeping the production process running well. This paper analyzes the impact of pandemics on the GVC in China by comparing the historical trajectories, actor’s strategies, and regulations before and after the pandemic. We compare these indicators before and after the pandemic to determine how they affect the GVC system and how companies adapt to the disruption by rethinking and readjusting their strategies. Thus, the analysis can conclude whether the fragmented GVC system is still relevant or needs an entirely new system with more resistance to phenomena like the COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: The COVID-19 pandemic, Lockdown, Fragmented Global Value Chain, Companies Operated in ChinaMerebaknya pandemi COVID-19 di penghujung tahun 2019 menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan bagi dunia internasional khususnya Tiongkok sebagai episentrum penyebaran virus. Dengan diberlakukannya kebijakan lockdown di Tiongkok, berbagai aktivitas yang melibatkan interaksi manusia, khususnya aktivitas ekonomi, menjadi terbatas dan berpotensi mengganggu rantai nilai global karena Tiongkok adalah pabrik dunia. Dalam tulisan ini kami membahas dampak pandemi pada Global Value Chain (GVC) di Tiongkok. Penulis berpendapat bahwa pandemi telah memaksa perusahaan yang terintegrasi dengan GVC untuk memikirkan kembali strategi mereka dalam menjaga agar proses produksi tetap berjalan dengan baik. Tulisan ini menganalisis dampak pandemi terhadap GVC di Tiongkok dengan membandingkan lintasan historis, strategi aktor dan regulasi sebelum dan sesudah pandemi. Dengan membandingkan indikator-indikator tersebut di masa sebelum dan setelah pandemi, akan membantu untuk mengetahui bagaimana pandemi memengaruhi sistem GVC dan bagaimana perusahaan beradaptasi terhadap gangguan dengan memikirkan dan menyesuaikan kembali strategi mereka. Dengan demikian, analisis tersebut dapat digunakan untuk menyimpulkan apakah sistem GVC yang terfragmentasi masih relevan atau ternyata diperlukan sistem yang benar-benar baru yang lebih tahan terhadap fenomena pandemi COVID-19 tersebut.Kata-kata Kunci: Pandemi COVID-19, Lockdown, Global Value Chain Terfragmentasi, Perusahaan yang beroperasi di Tiongkok

Indonesia is one of the countries that are willing to accept the arrival of refugees to its territory. Although it has not yet ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Indonesia has issued Peraturan Presiden Nomor 125/2016 on international refugees. In addition, the Indonesian government, especially President Joko Widodo, issued various statements which mostly emphasized fulfilling rights and upholding humanity for refugees demonstrating Indonesia's commitment to carrying out the human values contained in the Preamble of Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 and Pancasila as a dominant discourse of Indonesia's strategic culture. However, the discourse seems to have shifted in the era after the COVID-19 pandemic which has also potentially changed the Indonesian government's treatment of refugees. The negative impacts in various sectors made Indonesia have to prioritize the safety of its citizens and potentially neglect the fulfillment of the rights of refugees. Indonesia's burden in handling refugees during the pandemic is exacerbated by the unresponsiveness of UNHCR and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) which should be responsible for handling refugees. This leaves groups of refugees in a vulnerable condition because they are neglected by the Indonesian government both at the central and regional levels. Therefore, this paper tries to analyze aspects behind the shift in the Indonesian government's policy regarding foreign refugees using strategic cultural discourse and provide advice to the Indonesian government for handling refugees in pandemic and/or after pandemic situations without forgetting the humanitarian aspect of refugees.Keywords: Humanity, Strategic Culture, COVID-19, Refugees, Indonesian Government. Keywords: Humanity, Strategic Culture, COVID-19, Refugees, Indonesian Government

Buku ini menyoroti visi sekaligus kebijakan utama Presiden Joko Widodo pada periode pertamanya yakni Poros Maritim Dunia (PMD) melalui sudut pandang yang unik. Penulis membedah PMD ke dalam tiga tataran yang berbeda namun saling berkesinambungan yaitu konsep, strategi, dan realita bagaimana visi tersebut berusaha untuk dicapai. “Kita sudah terlalu lama memunggungi laut, samudera, selat, dan teluk”, potongan pidato pelantikan Presiden Joko Widodo tersebut menyiratkan keinginan kuat untuk mengembalikan Indonesia pada kodratnya sebagai negara maritim.

No abstract