Coronary heart is a disease that offense to blood vessels and heart attack due to constriction of blood vessels. A high level of cholesterol in blood or exceeds the normal limit can form sediment in wall of blodd vessels which cause blood vessels constriction or blockage. This research object to determine whether there is a correlation between cholesterol level total and hypertension with coronary heart disease in patients who hospitalized in Regional Public Hospital of dr. Soedarso Pontianak. This study was used cross sectional design, purposive sampling technique, it gained 50 people as samples. The measurement of blood pressure was done in heart poly and cholesterol total level in clinic laboratory of Regional Public Hospital of dr. Soedarso by using enzymatic CHOD-PAP method. It can be obtained that 10 people had hypertension and 40 people did not.the average of total cholesterol was 224 mg/dl. Maximum value of total cholesterol was 224 mg/dl and 152 mg/dl as minimum value. Data has been analyzed by using statistical test, Chi-Square, to determine the correlation of total cholesterol wit coronary heart disease, obtained p value=0,024 (less than α=0,05). Correlation of hypertension and coronary heart disease gained p value=0,923 (more than α=0,05), it can be concluded that total cholesterol correlated with coronary heart disease, and there was not a correlation between hypertension and coronary heart disease.Abstrak: Jantung koroner adalah penyakit yang  menyerang pembuluh darah dan serangan jantung, karena penyempitan pada pembuluh darah. Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi dalam darah melebihi normal dapat membentuk endapan pada dinding pembuluh darah sehingga menyebabkan penyempitan dan tersumbatnya pembuluh darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar kolesterol total dan hipertensi dengan penyakit jantung koroner pada pasien di RSUD dr. Soedarso Pontianak. Disain penelitian  ini menggunakan cross sectional, teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling, didapat jumlah sampel 50 orang. Pengukuran Tensi Darah dilakukan di poli Jantung dan pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total di laboratorium klinik RSUD dr. Soedarso Pontianak dengan metode enzimatik CHOD-PAP. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 10 orang mengalami hipertensi dan 40 orang non hipertensi. Rata-rata kadar kolesterol total 224 mg/ dl. Nilai maksimum kadar kolesterol total yaitu 224 mg/dl dan nilai minimum yaitu 152 mg/dl. Analisa data dengan uji statistik Chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan kolesterol total dengan penyakit jantung koroner didapatkan nilai p = 0,024 (lebih kecil dari  α 0,05). Uji hubungan hipertensi dengan penyakit jantung koroner didapat nilai p = 0,923 (lebih besar dari α 0,05), dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan kadar kolesterol total dengan penyakit jantung koroner dan tidak ada hubungan hipertensi dengan penyakit jantung koroner.

Background:: Medicinal plants have been and continue to be the primary source of treatment for many diseases. Taraxacum officinale (dandelion), has been used for hundreds of years as a traditional medical remedy for several diseases. However, the anti-cancer potential of this plant has not been fully screened. Genotoxicity screening which is an integral part of the evaluation of the safety of this plant is also lacking. Objective:: The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of different extracts of T. officinale. Method:: Plant sample was extracted in different solvents to prepare ethanol, methanol, chloroform and water extracts. These extracts were then tested for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of colorectal cancer (Caco-2), chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562), prostate cancer (PC-3), and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay and the selectivity indices was determined with the aid of mortal human fibroblasts. Then the most active extract, chloroform extract, was used to detect the genotoxicity of the constituents on mice bone marrow cells. Results:: The results showed that the T. officinale chloroform extract was found to be most effective against leukemia (K562) and prostate cancer (PC-3) cell lines. The extracts showed marked selectivity towards these cancer cells. Genotoxic studies revealed that genotoxic changes occurred after chloroform extract treatment, however, these changes were observed at the very high concentrations only. Conclusion:: The results suggest that T. officinale exhibits selective anti-tumor activity and it is safe for use.

Background: Medicinal plants have been used for many centuries for their significant phytochemical reservoir, forming a foundation for many medicinal drugs. Conventional cancer therapy possesses a number of undesired problems including poor selectivity, severe side effects and resistance of cancer. Objective: There is a need for new anticancer drugs possibly from natural sources such as medicinal plants. A. Hierochuntica L. is rich with phytochemicals and is widely used in traditional medicine. Method: The antiproliferative activities of A. hierochuntica whole plant extracts (ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and water) were determined against a panel of cancer cells and normal primary dermal fibroblasts. The genotoxic effect of A. hierochuntica ethyl acetate on mice bone marrow cells was also evaluated. Genotoxic parameters included Chromosomal aberration, Mitodepression, Micronuclei formation and sister chromatid exchange. Results: A. hierochuntica exhibited antiproliferative activity against leukemia (K-562) and melanoma (A-375) cells. This is the first study to demonstrate the effect of A. hierochuntica ethyl acetate extract on cancer cell lines, found to be the most cytotoxic of all extracts. Furthermore, the chloroform extract showed notable anti-proliferative effects against most cancer cell lines tested. The extracts proved to be highly safe on human normal skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, A. hierochuntica ethyl acetate extract was also found to have limited genotoxic effects, with these changes seen at very high doses only. Conclusion: The results indicate that A. hierochuntica extracts have significant selective anticancer activity and that genotoxicity is only observed at very high concentrations.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is as a disorder that is characterized by increase in blood sugar levels, as well as disturbances in the metabolism of the three main classes of food. Whole plants or their parts serve as alternatives in the treatment of many diseases and, have, for a time immemorial, been very important in the health care delivery in many countries. The objective of this study was to compare the relative antihyperglycemic properties of Moringa oleifera and Vitex simplicifolia, as well as the reference drug glibenclamide, on blood sugar levels. DM was induced via intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate; levels of glucose in circulating blood were measured using a glucometer, by tail snip method. Potent oral hypoglycemic properties and thus, a fast onset of anti-diabetic activity was more pronounced in Vitex simplicifolia than in Moringa oleifera. The two were more potent than the reference drug, glibenclamide. The studied leaf extracts are relatively safe and could be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Papaya tree is one of the medicinal plant types which advantages for traditional medicine. The flavonoid, alkaloid and saponin were the compounds of papaya leaves. There potentially as cytotoxic for certain levels. The purpose of this research is to determine the potency cytotoxic ethanol extract papaya leaves against Artemia salina Leach larvae using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Research method by quasi experimental, and purposive sampling used 360 Artemia salina Leach larvae divided to 5 groups treatment. Each group contains 15 larvaes. Each group is done by the replication of research for 4 times. The extract concentration are 1000, 750, 500, 250, 100 and 0 µg/ml as a negative control. Data have been obtained by calculating amount of died larvae 24 hours after treatment. Mean percentage larvae death in the concentration of 1000, 750, 500, 250, 100 and 0 µg/ml consecutively were 95%, 78,33%, 53,33%, 36,67%, 21,67% and 0%. Through the data, LC50 value was analyzed by probit analysis using Microsoft offce excel. The higher of extract concentration cause higher percentage death of the larvae. This result shows that LC50 value of ethanol extract of papaya leaves is 285,693 µg/ml (less than 1000 µg/ml). The conclusion is the ethanol extract of papaya leaves had acute toxicity potency against Artemia salina Leach larva according to Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Abstrak: Tanaman pepaya merupakan satu diantara jenis tanaman obat yang umum dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat secara empiris untuk pengobatan secara tradisional. Tanaman ini mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid dan saponin. Senyawa tersebut diduga berpotensi sebagai sitotoksik pada kadar tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi sitotoksik ekstrak etanol daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap larva Artemia salina Leach dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Metode penelitian ini berbentuk eksperimental semu dengan menggunakan 360 ekor larva Artemia salina Leach yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan. Tiap kelompok terdiri dari 15 ekor. Tiap kelompok dilakukan pengulangan percobaan 4 kali. Konsentrasi ekstrak berturut-turut adalah 1000, 750, 500, 250, 100 dan 0 µg/ml sebagai kontrol negatifnya. Data diperoleh dari menghitung jumlah larva yang mati 24 jam setelah perlakuan. Rata-rata persentase kematian larva pada konsentrasi 1000, 750, 500, 250, 100 dan 0 µg/ml berturut-turut adalah 95%, 78,33%, 53,33%, 36,67%, 21,67% dan 0%. Berdasarkan data, LC50 ekstrak etanol daun pepaya ditentukan dengan analisis probit menggunakan Microsoft offce excel. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak menyebabkan semakin tinggi persentase kematian larva. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan harga LC50 dari ekstrak etanol daun pepaya adalah 285,693 µg/ml (kurang dari 1000 µg/ml). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun pepaya memiliki potensi toksisitas akut terhadap larva Artemia salina Leach dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT).