This paper argues that it is a need to approach oil spills problems by incorporating economic losses associated with the spills. Indonesia's position is very strategic for commercial sea traffics and for a number of oil and gas industries, making it important to consider marine pollution from oil spills. This pollution can reduce water quality and result in environmental impacts and economic losses. This paper presents figure that a total cost due to oil spills can be estimated with a function of spill size alone based on data considering environmental degradation, socio-economic losses and clean-up costs. The calculation was undertaken by using the approach estimates the total cost of losses as a function of the volume of oil spills because the volume are the main factor governing the level of contamination and its impact, the type of clean-up and the total spill cost. A scale of the cost of economic losses caused by oil spills in Indonesian waters is estimated. The estimates show that the cost of economic losses due to oil spills in the Indonesian area is in the range of 183 billion to 9.757 billion rupiahs. The calculation in this paper is still a low-level estimation and not site-specific yet, because the assessment instruments used are based on conditions in the North German area. It is expected by this preliminary effort, impact assessment and economic losses due to oil spills in Indonesian waters will be equipped with further studies on an analysis of economic losses supported with more comprehensive and specific data.

Gresik Regency is one of the industrial development areas in East Java Province due to its strategic location. This region has the opportunity to actively integrate the ecosystem into development planning. Management of integrated coastal areas is widely advocated at all levels of government as a means of delivering sustainable development in coastal areas. This study was conducted to determine the level of impact caused by each activity cumulatively on coastal and marine ecosystems in Gresik Regency. In general, this study is oriented towards collecting data of marine pollution level from various substances and sources, as well as changes over time in the status of the marine environment in Gresik Regency. The results showed that the increase in population growth accompanied by an increase in the amount of waste, as well as an increase in industry, port and agricultural activities in coastal areas of Gresik Regency require special attention in the management of the coastal and marine environment in Gresik Regency. The use of coastal and marine areas of Gresik Regency can lead to loss of biodiversity, as well as decreased stability and resilience of ecosystems in coastal and marine areas. It is necessary to take into account the pressures and impacts due to activities in coastal and marine areas and then propose the most appropriate development solutions within the framework of Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Gresik Regency.

Mangrove di kawasan Desa Banyuurip, Kecamatan Ujungpangkah Kabupaten Gresik Jawa Timur merupakan hasil penanaman oleh warga sekitar yang saat ini menjadi basis aktivitas jasa lingkungan, perikanan, dan pariwisata bahari serta memberikan nilai estetik tersendiri. Fokus penelitian ini adalah identifikasi mangrove dan penilaian total ekonomi mangrove di Desa Banyuurip Kecamatan Ujungpangkah Kabupaten Gresik. Metode pengukuran dan pengambilan data vegetasi mangrove menggunakan metode garis lurus atau transek garis. Nilai ekonomi total dilakukan dengan cara wawancara untuk memperkirakan nilai ekonomi hutan mangrove berupa manfaat langsung, tidak langsung, pilihan, dan keberadaan. Jenis mangrove yang mendominasi di wilayah pesisir Desa Banyuurip yaitu jenis Avicenia marina dengan kerapatan dan tutupan yang baik. Jenis lain yang ditemukan adalah Rhizopora mucronata, Bruguiera silindrica, dan Rhizopora apiculata. Nilai ekonomi total mangrove di wilayah pesisir Desa Banyuurip yaitu Rp. 21.423.890.000,00 yang diperoleh dari (1) manfaat langsung penangkapan kepiting sebesar Rp.1.836.480.000,00, kerang sebesar Rp. 18.534.720.000,00, dan tambak ikan bandeng sebesar Rp. 34.200.000,00; (2) nilai guna tak langsung yang dihitung sebagai penahan abrasi sebesar Rp. 315.353.520,00 per tahun; (3) manfaat pilihan (nilai biodiversitas) sebesar Rp. 1.057.500,00 per tahun; dan (4) nilai keberadaan dari ekosistem mangrove sebesar Rp. 182.400.000,00.

No abstract

Raja Ampat Islands have been designated as a Marine Nature Reserve (SAP) since 2014, and community activity in these waters remains high for tourism, fishing and sea transportation activities. All of these activities have the potential to suppress the condition of the coral reefs there. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of zoning in terms of social and ecological indicators. This research was conducted using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method for coral reef fish and the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method for coral cover at a depth of 5-7 m. The set critical threshold value is used to evaluate the success of the zoning taken by interviewing fishermen. The results of the study found that the core zone had unfavorable conditions compared to the other zones. Based on an analysis of ecological indicators, the percentage of coral cover was only 20.9% and an abundance of reef fish of 28 ind/m2. The results of the social analysis of the community, Waisilip Village has the lowest level of compliance with a value of 56%. Meanwhile, 77% of respondents agree with zoning, and only 19% understand the zoning management system. The management of SAP Raja Ampat can be said to be effective by taking into the ecological and social indicators of the community. Increase in the percentage of coral cover in the core zone (0.2%), utilization zone (3.9%), sustainable fisheries zone (0.8%) and cultivation zone (5.7%). Most fishermen have good insight and concern for coral reefs and other aquatic resources.