Objetivo. Examinar las perspectivas y las prácticas de enfermos renales y de sus familias sin seguridad social en relación con los problemas que enfrentan en el tratamiento de hemodiálisis. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en Guadalajara, México. En éste participaron 37 enfermos renales en hemodiálisis afiliados al Seguro Popular y 50 familiares. Se obtuvo la información mediante entrevistas individuales y grupales, a partir de análisis de contenido dirigido. Resultados. Los enfermos renales y sus familias enfrentan múltiples dificultades en el tratamiento de hemodiálisis. Las de tipo económico son prioritarias por los costos de la terapia y la carencia de recursos, y por el hecho de que el Seguro Popular excluye la cobertura de la enfermedad renal. Las personas enfrentan tales dificultades combinando acciones en un proceso circular de búsqueda de ayuda. Conclusión. El tratamiento de hemodiálisis representa una carga financiera insostenible para los enfermos renales sin seguridad social y sus familias. Urge implementar un sistema de acceso universal a las terapias renales.
Renal replacement therapy is the indicated treatment for individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to survive. However, not all sick people have access to the same treatment. This study compares renal care in two developing countries with different health systems. Specifically, it explores hemodialysis treatment from the perspective of low-income individuals. A qualitative, comparative study was performed in Brazil and Mexico. Using purposive sampling, the research was based on open-ended interviews with nineteen participants with kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis treatment in public hospitals and ten relatives. According to our results, Brazilian participants perceived hemodialysis care as satisfactory because of health personnel courtesy as well as free access to dialysis treatment, prescription drugs, hospitalization and transportation. However, they reported deficiencies in the care they were receiving due to shortages of specialists, prescription drugs, laboratory tests and transportation. Mexican participants, in contrast, highlighted the catastrophic costs of medical care because they had no free access to renal therapy, nor adequate financial resources. Our findings suggest that low-income Brazilian CKD sufferers experience renal care differently, as they are more satisfied and face less obstacles with hemodialysis compared with those of Mexico. More studies on the topic are needed.
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