El uso eficiente del agua determina el futuro del cultivo de arroz en Colombia frente a los tratados de libre comercio, ya que es un factor que condiciona el área sembrada, el rendimiento de la cosecha y los costos de producción, además de su sostenibilidad en el tiempo. Por lo tanto, se presenta una revisión de las tecnologías desarrolladas a nivel mundial enfocadas al ahorro del agua en el cultivo de arroz en condiciones aeróbicas y anaeróbicas. Se resaltan tecnologías alternativas que superan al sistema convencional en rendimiento y en la cantidad de arroz cosechado por metro cúbico de agua invertido. En la reflexión para Colombia, se destacan aspectos importantes para la construcción de la agenda de investigación y la apropiación social de las tecnologías alternativas con miras a la optimización del recurso hídrico en el cultivo de arroz; se recomienda priorizar el arroz aeróbico y la medición efectiva del consumo de agua, indispensable para controlar su uso, planear, dirigir y entender cómo estas tecnologías alternativas conducen a la recuperación de la inversión de los agricultores y a la rentabilidad del cultivo.Palabras clave: Arroz, tecnologías, uso eficiente del agua, aeróbico, campo inundado. AbstractWater use efficiency, given that it conditions the sown areas, yield and production costs, as well as its sustainability, determines the future of rice production in Colombia against the FDA. This paper presents a review of the globally developed technologies for water saving in rice production under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The authors highlight alternative technologies that surpass the conventional system in terms of yield and harvest per cubic meter of water used. In the reflection for Colombia, the authors highlight important features for the research agenda and the social appropriation of alternative technologies with a view to optimizing water resources usage for rice production. Recommendations include the prioritizing of aerobic rice and the effective measurement of water consumption, which is indispensable for its use, and for planning, directing, and understanding how these alternative technologies can lead to the recovery of the investment made by agricultural workers and crop profitability.
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