the same observer. Sacral radiographic images were reviewed and the SR calculated from anteroposterior and images in the lateral position. All images were obtained before surgery and analysed by the same observer, while a third analysed the results. Results were considered statistically significant at P < 0.001. RESULTSSeventeen patients were deemed continent, seven partially continent and 18 incontinent; there was no significant difference in SR among the three groups. When fecal continence was analysed in relation to changes in the findings on computed tomography of the lumbosacral spine, patients with sacral agenesis had a significantly higher frequency of fecal incontinence than the others, and all had a SR below 'normal' .
PURPOSE: To evaluate an experimental model for anorectal anomalies and their principal associated malformations induced by ethylene thiourea (ETU). METHODS: Rat fetuses were utilized, divided into two groups: experimental group - fetuses from rats that received ETU on the 11th day of gestation at the dose of 125 mg/kg, diluted in distilled water to 1% concentration (12.5 ml/kg); and control group - fetuses from rats that received distilled water alone, at a volume of 12.5 ml/kg. On the 21st day of gestation, the animals were sacrificed by hypoxia in a carbon dioxide chamber, followed by laparotomy to remove the fetuses. These were initially examined externally to determine the sex and whether anorectal anomalies and malformations of the vertebral column and tail were present. Then, with the aid of microscopy, the fetuses underwent exploratory laparotomy to characterize the type of anorectal anomaly and investigate urological malformations. RESULTS: None of the fetuses in the control group presented anorectal anomaly, vertebral column malformation or urological structural alterations. In the experimental group, 71% presented anorectal anomaly, 80% presented vertebral column alterations and 35% presented urological alterations. CONCLUSION: The model described was shown to be easy to implement and presented results that allow its use in studying anorectal anomalies and associated malformations.
Introdução: O contexto atual de abordagem multiprofissional em saúde fundamenta-se na qualidade do atendimento e segurança ao paciente, com contribuição importante do cirurgião-dentista na equipe hospitalar para melhoria de saúde dos hospitalizados. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil sistêmico e bucal de pacientes atendidos em clínica médica de um Hospital Universitário do Sistema de Saúde Pública do Brasil, visando fornecer subsídios no direcionamento da assistência odontológica ao atendimento multidisciplinar em âmbito hospitalar. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo observacional retrospectivo em 104 fichas clínicas com coleta de dados sobre características gerais, alterações sistêmicas, hábitos, situação bucal e tratamentos odontológicos de pacientes internados, atendidos pelo odontólogo. Resultados: Verificou-se alta frequência de pacientes hipertensos (36,5%) e com problemas cardíacos (33,6%). Observou-se associação significativa de diabetes (60%) e hipertensão (50%) na faixa etária de 60 a 75 anos de idade. Para a maioria dos pacientes, a higiene bucal foi realizada menos que três vezes ao dia (54,3%), sem uso de fio dental (85,7%). Biofilme (73,3%), cálculo dental (70,5%), uso de próteses (25,7%), com higiene deficiente (14,3%), e estomatite protética (8,6%) foram registradas. Dentre os tratamentos realizados, destacam-se a terapia básica periodontal (71,4%) e exodontias (39%). Conclusão: A alta frequência de presença de biofilme, cálculo dental, próteses com higiene deficiente e a terapia básica periodontal executada durante o período de internação denotam a necessidade de atuação odontológica com atividades preventivas.
Glycine reduces tissue lipid peroxidation in hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced necrotizing enterocolitis in rats 8 -ORIGINAL ARTICLE Glycine reduces tissue lipid peroxidation in hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced necrotizing enterocolitis in rats 1Glicina reduz a peroxidação lipídica tecidual em enterocolite necrosante induzida por hipóxia-reoxigenação em ratos ABSTRACT Purpose:To assess the protective effect of glycine in an experimental model of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC). Methods: Fifty (50) neonatal Wistar rats, from a litter of six female rats and weighing 4 to 6 grams, were used. Five animals were cannibalized and the 45 remaining were distributed into three groups: the G1 normal control group (n=12); the G2 Group (n=16), of animals that underwent hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR); the G3 Group of animals (n=17) that underwent HR following a 5% intraperitoneal glycine infusion. The animals underwent hypoxia in a CO 2 chamber receiving an air flow of 100% CO 2 for 5 minutes and reoxygenation receiving an O 2 flow at 100% for 5 minutes. One centimeter long small bowel and colon segments were prepared for histological analysis. The rest of the bowel was removed in a block and frozen at minus 80°C for homogenization and determination of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA). Tissue lesions were classified as Grade 0 to Grade 5, according to the level of damaged mucosa. Results: The animals in Group G1 had levels of small bowel and colon lesion significantly smaller as compared to the animals in Groups G2 and G3. The G2 group had mean MDA values significantly higher than the animals in the G1 (p = .015) and G3 (p=0.021) groups. MDA values did not differ significantly (p = 0.992) for the animals in groups G1 and G3. Conclusion: Glycine reduces tissue MDA levels (a measurement of lipid peroxidation) following HR in neonatal rats. Key words: Enterocolitis, Necrotizing. Glycine. Prevention & Control. RESUMO Objetivo:Avaliar o efeito protetor da glicina, num modelo experimental de ECN. Métodos: Foram utilizados 50 ratos Wistar recém-nascidos, com peso variando de 4 a 6 gramas, provenientes da ninhada de seis ratas. Cinco animais foram canibalizados e, os 45 restantes, foram distribuídos em três grupos: controle G1(n=12); G2(n=16), animais que foram submetidos à hipóxia-reoxigenação; G3(n=17), animais submetidos à hipóxia-reoxigenação após uma infusão intraperitoneal de glicina 5%. Os animais foram submetidos à hipóxia em uma câmara de CO 2 recebendo um fluxo de ar contendo 100% de CO 2, durante 5 minutos e à reoxigenação recebendo um fluxo de O 2 a 100% por 5 minutos. Segmentos de intestino delgado e cólon de 1 cm de extensão foram preparados para análise histológica. O restante do intestino foi removido em bloco e congelado a menos 80°C para homogeneização e dosagem de malondialdeído tecidual (MDA). Classificou-se as lesões teciduais de Grau 0 a Grau 5, de acordo com a extensão da lesão mucosa. Resultados: Os animais do Grupo G1 apresentaram graus de lesão de intestino delgado e cólon significantemente menores do que os anima...
Objective: To evaluate the results of thoracoscopy for the treatment of pleural empyema in pediatric patients. Methods: A retrospective study of 117 patients who underwent mediastinoscopy or video-assisted thoracoscopy for pleural empyema treatment. General anesthesia and single-lumen oral intubation were used. Surgery was indicated when there was pleural effusion and no clinical and radiological response to clinical treatment (antibiotics, physiotherapy and thoracocentesis) or severe sepsis, together with loculated pleural effusion (confirmed through ultrasound or computed tomography of the chest). Results: Between February of 1983 and July of 2006, 117 thoracoscopies were performed in patients ranging in age from 5 months to 17 years (mean, 4 years). Mean time for thoracic drainage was 9 days (range, 2-33 days), and mean period of hospitalization was 16.4 days (range, 4 to 49 days). One patient (0.8%) died after surgery, and persistent fistula was observed in 33 patients (28%). In 7 cases (6%), open thoracotomy with pulmonary decortication was performed due to the disposition of the empyema. Conclusions: Management of pleural empyema in this age bracket is still controversial, and surgical indication is often delayed, particularly when there are multiple loculations or severe sepsis. Early thoracoscopy yields a better clinical outcome for pediatric patients with pleural empyema, with apparent decreased morbidity and mortality, earlier chest tube removal, earlier hospital discharge and improved response to antibiotic therapy.Keywords: Empyema, pleural; Pediatrics/instrumentation; Thoracoscopy; Thoracic surgery, video-assisted. ResumoObjetivo: Apresentar resultados obtidos com a toracoscopia no tratamento do empiema pleural em pacientes pediátricos. Métodos: Foram avaliados 117 empiemas pleurais, utilizando-se o mediastinoscópio ou a videotoracoscopia, com anestesia geral e sonda de intubação simples. As indicações para a intervenção cirúrgica foram: derrame pleural com ausência de resposta clínica e radiológica ao tratamento clínico (antibióticos, fisioterapia e toracocentese) ou sepse grave, e derrame pleural loculado (documentado por ultrassonografia ou tomografia computadorizada do tórax). Resultados: De fevereiro de 1983 a julho de 2006, 117 toracoscopias foram realizadas em pacientes com idade entre 5 meses e 17 anos (média, 4 anos). O tempo médio de permanência do dreno torácico foi de 9 dias (2 a 33), e o tempo de internação hospitalar foi de 16,44 dias (4 a 49). Houve apenas um óbito (0,8%), e 33 pacientes (28%) tiveram como complicação fístula aérea prolongada. Em 7 pacientes (6%), houve necessidade de conversão para toracotomia com decorticação pulmonar em decorrência da organização do empiema. Conclusão: Não existe consenso para o tratamento do empiema pleural nesta faixa etária. A terapêutica cirúrgica é geralmente requisitada tardiamente no curso da doença, particularmente quando já existem múltiplas loculações ou quadro séptico grave. A toracoscopia indicada mais precocemente no tratamento...
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