Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma INTRODUÇÃOA toxoplasmose é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial que acomete o homem e outros animais de sangue quente (mamíferos e aves), tanto de produção quanto de companhia, domésticos e silvestres, sendo causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii, única espécie existente no gênero. Os felídeos, principalmente os gatos, desempenham papel fundamental na transmissão do T. gondii para o homem e outros animais, pois são os únicos hospedeiros que eliminam oocistos do parasita pelas fezes. Os oocistos são resistentes às condições ambientais e resultam da fase sexuada do ciclo, que é limitada ao epitélio intestinal desses animais (DUBEY, 1995).

Background The knowledge on bovine vaccines against respiratory viruses on bronchoalveolar fluid cells is scarce. Objective To compare the effects of a commercial intranasal (IN) and intramuscular (IM) vaccine against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex viruses on bronchoalveolar fluid cells of healthy heifers. Methods 21 healthy heifers were assigned to three treatment groups: control (CO, N = 7), intranasally vaccinated (IN) (n = 7), and intramuscularly vaccinated (IM) (n = 7). The IN group received 1 mL of the commercial vaccine in each nostril once containing attenuated BoHV-1, bPIV-3, and BRSV. The IM group was vaccinated with two doses of 2 mL with an interval of 21 days of the commercial vaccine containing attenuated BoHV-1, bPIV-3, and BRSV plus inactivated BVDV. At day 0 (D0), before the first vaccine dose, and at D3, D7, and D21, after the last vaccine dose, airway bronchoscopy was performed to observe local irritation and collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The bronchoalveolar count, cytological evaluation, bronchoalveolar cell oxidative metabolism, and total bronchoalveolar IgA and IgG were measured. Results The IN vaccine increased neutrophil cellularity at D7 and D21 and total IgA at D3 in BALF. Total IgA in BALF also increased at D3 and oxidative metabolism of bronchoalveolar cells at D21 lowered compared to the CO group. Following IM vaccination there was no alteration of immunoglobulins or cell oxidative metabolism in BALF. Both vaccines reduced the number of alveolar macrophages. Conclusion Both vaccines induced bronchoalveolar inflammation during the establishment of the vaccine immunity, which was more expressive in the IN protocol.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance, ingestive behavior, apparent digestibility of the diet, rectal temperature, superficial thermography of skin and hull, and the carcass traits of heifers finished in confinement under the effect of inclusion of live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae as probiotic) in the diet. The treatments were: Control: diet without the inclusion of live yeasts, and Yeast: diet with the inclusion of live yeasts (7 g animal day-1, at the concentration of 107 CFU g-1. The diets were composed of corn silage at a constant forage: concentrate ratio of 50: 50, on a dry matter basis. The experimental design was completely randomized, composed of two treatments and nine replicates, wherein each replicate was represented by a stall with two animals. Thirty-six heifers, ½ blood Angus, from the same herd, with an average age of 11.9 months and an initial average body weight of 317 kg, were used in the experiment. Supplementation of live yeasts in the diet for finishing heifers proved to be efficient in the feedlot finishing phase because it provided improvement in the apparent digestibility of DM. In relation to the productive performance, ingestive behavior, rectal temperature, superficial thermography of skin and hull and carcass traits, no statistical difference was found between the treatments. The animals have already come from the property adapted to the feedlot system, defining small challenge against the presence of live yeasts included in the experimental diet, justifying the lack of expression on some results obtained.

Este trabalho objetivou conhecer a etiologia da mastite e a frequência de aparecimento dos microrganismos causadores desta na região Sudoeste do Paraná. Para isso, foi utilizado o banco de dados do laboratório Centro de Diagnóstico Agroalimentar do município de Francisco Beltrão. Todos os laudos de exames microbiológicos de leite, no período de cinco anos, foram analisados e tabulados, totalizando 490 amostras. Observou-se que 2 (0,4%) amostras não apresentaram crescimento e 97 (19,8%) apresentaram-se contaminadas. No restante das amostras, 391, obteve-se um total de 539 microrganismos isolados. A bactéria Staphylococcus sp. foi a mais frequente (29,68%), seguido de Enterobactérias (21,15%), Staphylococcus aureus (16,51%), Pseudomonas sp. (13,91%), Enterococcus sp. (4,64%), Bacillus sp. (3,71%), Streptococcus sp.(2,78%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (2,41%), Streptococcus agalactiae (1,67%), Streptococcus uberis (1,3%), Nocardia sp. (0,93%), Prototheca sp. (0,56%), Candida albicans (0,37%), Corinebacterium sp. (0,19%) e Micrococcus sp. 0,19%). Verificou-se que no primeiro ano do estudo os agentes contagiosos representaram 60,42% dos isolados, enquanto no quinto ano uma maior quantidade de microrganismos ambientais foi isolada, representando 70,71%. A bactéria Pseudomonas sp. foi importante para a inversão do quadro, passando de 2,04% dos isolados no ano um para 35,35% no ano cinco. Não houve diferenças significativas para os patógenos entre as estações do ano durante o período avaliado. Esta pesquisa demonstrou que na Região Sudoeste do Paraná, os casos de mastite são provocados principalmente por quatro tipos de agentes etiológicos: Staphylococcus sp., Enterobactérias, S. aureus e Pseudomonas sp. Quinze espécies distintas de microrganismos foram identificadas, incluindo algas e fungos.