Tendo em vista a necessidade de propiciar estudos que validem metodologias de análise de impactos ambientais, pretendeu-se, neste estudo, relacionar o potencial poluidor de um vazadouro a céu aberto, situado em um município brasileiro, com a vulnerabilidade da área a qual está inserido, utilizando um fator de potencial poluidor (I_p, como fator de risco de contaminação) e o modelo DRASTIC de análise de susceptibilidade de águas subterrâneas. O local escolhido como estudo de caso para este trabalho foi a área utilizada para a disposição final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos produzidos no município de Divinópolis, oeste do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O local de disposição pode ser caracterizado como um vazadouro a céu aberto, por não possuir nenhum mecanismo de controle das diversas formas de poluição ocasionadas. Ao aplicar a espacialização do índice DRASTIC na área do estudo, obtiveram-se os valores 76 a 79, o qual demonstra que, apesar da variação nos valores, atribui-se valores do índice DRASTIC que caracterizam a área como de baixa vulnerabilidade à contaminação de águas subterrâneas. O índice de poluição obtido foi de 15,1, demonstrando uma elevada capacidade de contaminação, remetendo a áreas cuja intervenção imediata se mostra necessária.
Living organisms are subject to different environmental effects, including physical, biological or chemical factors. In front of pollution, which can be defined as an aggression, the organisms must be adapted to survive. In microsomal fraction of cells, there is an oxidase enzymatic complex, whose central element is the cytochrome P450, able to eliminate certain harmful substances. The main action of P450 system is to introduce a functional group to foreign lipophilic compound, which deveins water-soluble and it excretion was facilitated. In this study a method, originally designed to measure P450 activity in animal cells, was modified and adapted for application in plant cells from contaminated environments. Scindapsus aureus also namely Epipremnum aureum, is considered between the best plants with air purification ability. The aim of this work was to study the effect of polluted environments on this plant species, to determining its potential use as contamination biomarker. The results indicated that P450 activity was manifested only in saturated cell-free extract dialysates from those plants exposed to high contamination during periods longer than 30 days. The induction of this enzyme, with detoxificant power, could depend of pollutant type, and/or exposure times. Few studies using plants as air contamination biomarker by CO were conducted. The results obtained allow recommend susceptible species for quantifying indirect pollution in offices, laboratories, factories, where the workers are exposed 8 h daily, during several years.
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