Australoheros perdi is a new species herein described from the lacustrine region of the middle Doce River basin, Doce River Valley, southeastern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by having only 25 vertebrae and by a combination of characters states listed below: three abdominal bars in all stages of life, a conspicuous, rounded caudalfin base spot, a conspicuous wide longitudinal stripe, head with depression in the region above the eyes, tip of pelvic fin reaching vertical through third to sixth anal fin spine base, fewer dorsal-fin spines, fewer pectoral-fin rays, fewer caudal vertebrae, fewer proximal radials on dorsal-fin base, more proximal radials on anal-fin base, more pleural ribs, a longer caudal peduncle, a deeper caudal peduncle, a wide ectopterygoid, a longer last anal-fin spine and a longer lower jaw. The available phylogenetic tree of the genus does not include the species from southeastern Brazil, thus impeding any discussion of the phylogeny of these species.

Trichomycterus argos, new species, is described from the Rio Doce basin, situated in the Serra do Brigadeiro (part of theSerra da Mantiqueira) range, southeastern Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by the following characteristics: presenceof six branched rays in the pectoral fin; presence of pelvic fins; tip of nasal barbels extending to posterior border of oper-cular plate of odontodes; presence of a large foramen for ramus lateralis accessorius facialis, visible in dorsal view, in theparietosupraoccipital bone; transverse and straight border between the parietosupraoccipital and frontal bones; pectoral-fin ray prolonged as a filament; body covered with spots that seldom attain eye diameter; pelvic-fin origin placed one or two ocular diameters anterior to dorsal-fin origin; abscence of spots fused as elongated marks on dorsum or flank.

No abstract

Parapteronotus bonapartii (Castelnau, 1855), é sinonimizado a Parapteronotus hasemani (Ellis, 1913), com base na presença de pequenas marcas escuras sobre a pele do corpo e cabeça, uma expansão carnosa ântero-lateralmente no lábio superior e focinho alongado nos machos adultos.

Cladistic analysis of external morphology and skeletal characters was undertaken for 37 species of Apteronotidae, Neotropical electric fishes. Orthosternarchus + Sternarchorhamphus (included here in Sternarchorhamphinae status novo) are proposed to be the sister taxa to all remaining apteronotids, most of which form a basal polytomy in Apteronotinae. Several apteronotid species are currently incertae sedis but the monophyly of several genera were corroborated. Sternarchorhynchus is proposed to be the sister group of Ubidia magdalensis + Platyurosternarchus macrostomus, together forming the Sternarchorhynchini. Snout elongation was revealed to have occurred in several independent evolutionary lines as the Sternarchorhynchini, Orthosternarchus and Sternarchorhamphus. Apteronotus is restricted here to A. albifrons + A. jurubidae and postulated to be the sister group to Parapteronotus, which includes P. hasemani + P. macrostomus. “Apteronotus” leptorhynchus is postulated to be the sister group to “Apteronotus” cuchillo + Sternarchogiton cuchillejo and this three-species group is itself postulated to be the sister group of Apteronotus + Parapteronotus, and “Apteronotus” bonapartii postulated to be the sister group to “Apteronotus” apurensis. Autapomorphies were found for most of the species. A classification is presented for the family. Keywords: systematics, phylogeny, electric fishes, freshwater, Neotropics