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The section Heteranthae of Arachis is endemic to Brazil, occurring mainly in the semi-arid northeastern region. The section is considered derived within the genus and includes only annual herbs. Most previous cytological evaluations were restricted to chromosome numbers and morphology. The present approach comprised karyomorphological evaluation in 10 accessions from five species of this section, including standard staining and fluorochrome banding [chromomycin A3 (CMA)/4 0 ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)]. All accessions presented diploid chromosome numbers (2n = 20) with a prevalence of metacentric to submetacentric chromosome morphology. Arachis dardani, Arachis pusilla, and Arachis interrupta presented karyotypic formula 18m ? 4sm and satellite type 2, while Arachis sylvestris and Arachis giacomettii presented 16m ? 4sm and satellite type 10. Despite the conserved morphological features, higher diversity was detected in terms of size and number of GC-rich (CMA ?) heterochromatic blocks among the species; however, all of them were located in the pericentromeric regions. The species A. pusilla presented the highest number of GC-rich blocks, present in all chromosomes of the complement. Based on the data obtained and considering literature data, we suggest that A. dardani and A. interrupta occupy a basal position in the group due to their moderate asymmetry and satellite type. At least in A. pusilla, the constitutive heterochromatin seems to have suffered recent modifications of its constitution, in contrast to other species that present pericentromeric CMA ? blocks in all chromosomes. A. giacomettii and A. sylvestris are closely related to each other and also similar to the previously studied Arachis seridoensis, revealing two clear-cut subgroups within the section from the karyological point of view.

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Abstract. The identification of priority areas for the conservation of Brazilian biodiversity and the application of prompt practical measures are essential for an effective environmental management. The Serra do Rola Moça State Park, located in the Iron Quadrangle, on the southern end of the Espinhaço Range, in Minas Gerais, Brazil, is a region that is home to the rupestrian ferruginous fields or canga vegetation, a still poorly studied vegetation, rich in endemic, rare, and endangered species. The aim of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the rupestrian ferruginous fields, providing a floristic analysis, a quantification of species richness, and survival (vegetative growth in laboratory conditions, the production of nursery saplings and the management of the areas) of translocated species from the Capão Xavier mine pit to the park. The species presented belong mainly to the Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Velloziaceae, Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, and Solanaceae families. Nowadays, the surrounding area of the administrative headquarters of the park shelters around 10 000 individuals and about 15 000 in other areas of the park. In the rescue and transposition of saplings, there was a loss of less than 31.29 % of the individuals directly introduced to the planting area, while only 10 % of the saplings grown in the nursery were lost. The knowledge acquired about the viability of the studied species, their spread, and conservation indicates the possibility of nursery breeding of some of the native species and their use in the recovery of areas in mining regions.