Arrays of graphene solution‐gated field‐effect transistors are fabricated for the detection of electrical activity of electrogenic cells. Cardiomyocyte‐like cells are cultured on the transistor arrays and their action potentials are detected by the underlying transistors. The analysis of the recorded cell signals and the electronic noise of the transistors confirm that graphene transistors surpass state‐of‐the‐art devices for bioelectronic applications.

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A critical bottleneck for the widespread use of single layer graphene is the absence of a facile method of chemical modification which does not diminish the outstanding properties of the two-dimensional sp(2) network. Here, we report on the direct chemical modification of graphene by photopolymerization with styrene. We demonstrate that photopolymerization occurs at existing defect sites and that there is no detectable disruption of the basal plane conjugation of graphene. This method thus offers a route to define graphene functionality without degrading its electronic properties. Furthermore, we show that photopolymerization with styrene results in self-organized intercalative growth and delamination of few layer graphene. Under these reaction conditions, we find that a range of other vinyl monomers exhibits no reactivity with graphene. However, we demonstrate an alternative route by which the surface reactivity can be precisely tuned, and these monomers can be locally grafted via electron-beam-induced carbon deposition on the graphene surface.